04454nas a2200169   4500008004100000245018200041210007300223260010500296300000900401520356200410653001803972653003003990653002804020653003504048100003704083856016404120       2015                        eng d00aModelación y Caracterización Ambiental del Área de Distribución Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los Ríos Sinaloa y Culiacán0 aModelación y Caracterización Ambiental del Área de Distribución   aMazatlán, Sinaloa, MéxicobCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C.c2015/01//  a1-743 aRegarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa,
Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on
modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and
Culiacán rivers, bounded at altitudes ≥ 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the
distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species,
extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken
during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling
process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound
Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of
the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and
MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of
one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three
models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as
altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution
area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT,
compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of
different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as
Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records
of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has
a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT.
Con relación a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmónido
nativo de México cuya distribución se ha restringido a las cuencas de los ríos
Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiacán, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello,
el presente estudio se centró en el modelado de la distribución potencial de esta
especie en las cuencas de los ríos Sinaloa y Culiacán, acotadas a altitudes ≥ 1500
msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relación a la distribución de esta
especie. Dentro de esta área se cuenta con pocos registros históricos de
presencia de la especie, ampliándose con el presente estudio con 11 registros
nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigación. La
información ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las
variables bioclimáticas de WorldClim y el Índice Compuesto Topográfico del
proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha información y con los registros de la
especie, se modeló la distribución potencial de la especie con los métodos
BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en común relacionan datos de presencia
(posición geográfica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales.
Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribución por arriba de los
1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como límite altitudinal, sin embargo existen
diferencias en cuanto a la extensión y área de distribución final, existiendo mayor
afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente
con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva
de los diferentes métodos de modelación mencionados anteriormente se aplicó un
método estadístico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado
cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validación de los
modelos coloca a GARP como el método que presenta un mayor éxito predictivo,
seguido por MAXENT.
10aMexican trout10aOncorhynchus chrysogaster10aSierra Madre Occidental10aspecies distribution modelling1 aRamírez-Huerta, Alejandro, Luis  uhttps://truchasmexicanas.myspecies.info/content/modelaci%C3%B3n-y-caracterizaci%C3%B3n-ambiental-del-%C3%A1rea-de-distribuci%C3%B3n-potencial-de-oncorhynchus-003319nas a2200253   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260007700196300000800273520249100281653002502772653001202797653001302809653001802822653002002840653001702860653001402877653001802891653002402909653003702933653002202970100002802992856004503020       2014                        eng d00aGenetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex: From Pedigrees To Phylogenies0 aGenetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex From Pedigree  aSanta Cruz, CaliforniabUniversity of California Santa Cruzc2014/01/01/  a1643 aPerhaps one of the world's most important groups of fish are the species within the Pacific trout complex, due to their harvest in fisheries and use in aquaculture. This dissertation consists of an in-depth evaluation of this group at different scales, from the assessment of biological traits throughout the reconstruction of pedigrees in two populations to a phylogeographic examination of multiple largely undescribed species. Here, a combination of novel molecular techniques allowed me to address critical ecological questions for the management and conservation of this group.In chapter one, I describe the discovery, characterization and development of single nucleotide polymorphisms for <italic>O. mykiss<italic> for the study of ecological interactions, phylogeography, and conservation status. These tools have great power for population genetic analysis, and for individual identification and pedigree reconstruction. The last allows the tracking of families, and an unprecedented level of evaluation of natural and hatchery populations.Chapter two expands the scope of these molecular tools to provide a powerful means of understanding of biological traits for steelhead hatchery programs in the Russian River, California. Reconstruction of cohort age distributions revealed a strong component of fish that spawn at age two, in contrast to program goals and distinct from naturally spawning steelhead. Correlations between family members in the day of spawning revealed a strongly heritable component to this life history trait and demonstrated the potential for selection to alter life history traits. These results demonstrate the promise of SNP-based pedigree reconstruction for providing biological inference in high-fecundity organisms.Chapter three describes how the molecular tools developed were applied to population genetics of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, to elucidate biodiversity, and evolutionary history, and measure introgression from hatchery rainbow trout. Here, I confirmed the vast genetic diversity present in northwestern Mexican trout and provided evidence that trout inhabiting the Sierra Madre Occidental correspond to independent lineages separated from <italic>O. mykiss<italic>. Introgression from non-native trout was detected, but the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained. All the information presented in this document will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this globally important group of fishes.10aConservation biology10aEcology10aGenetics10aMexican trout10aMicrosatellites10aOncorhynchus10aPedigrees10aPhylogenetics10aPopulation genetics10aSingle nucleotride polymorphisms10aTruchas Mexicanas1 aAbadía-Cardoso, Alicia  uhttp://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ks0b0sm04452nas a2200169   4500008004100000245018200041210007300223260010500296300000900401520356200410653001803972653003003990653002804020653003504048100003704083856016204120       2015                        eng d00aModelación y Caracterización Ambiental del Área de Distribución Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los Ríos Sinaloa y Culiacán0 aModelación y Caracterización Ambiental del Área de Distribución   aMazatlán, Sinaloa, MéxicobCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C.c2015/01//  a1-743 aRegarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa,
Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on
modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and
Culiacán rivers, bounded at altitudes ≥ 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the
distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species,
extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken
during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling
process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound
Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of
the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and
MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of
one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three
models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as
altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution
area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT,
compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of
different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as
Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records
of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has
a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT.
Con relación a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmónido
nativo de México cuya distribución se ha restringido a las cuencas de los ríos
Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiacán, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello,
el presente estudio se centró en el modelado de la distribución potencial de esta
especie en las cuencas de los ríos Sinaloa y Culiacán, acotadas a altitudes ≥ 1500
msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relación a la distribución de esta
especie. Dentro de esta área se cuenta con pocos registros históricos de
presencia de la especie, ampliándose con el presente estudio con 11 registros
nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigación. La
información ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las
variables bioclimáticas de WorldClim y el Índice Compuesto Topográfico del
proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha información y con los registros de la
especie, se modeló la distribución potencial de la especie con los métodos
BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en común relacionan datos de presencia
(posición geográfica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales.
Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribución por arriba de los
1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como límite altitudinal, sin embargo existen
diferencias en cuanto a la extensión y área de distribución final, existiendo mayor
afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente
con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva
de los diferentes métodos de modelación mencionados anteriormente se aplicó un
método estadístico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado
cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validación de los
modelos coloca a GARP como el método que presenta un mayor éxito predictivo,
seguido por MAXENT.
10aMexican trout10aOncorhynchus chrysogaster10aSierra Madre Occidental10aspecies distribution modelling1 aRamírez-Huerta, Alejandro, Luis  uhttps://truchasmexicanas.myspecies.info/content/modelaci%C3%B3n-y-caracterizaci%C3%B3n-ambiental-del-%C3%A1rea-de-distribuci%C3%B3n-potencial-de-oncorhynchus03227nas a2200205   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260007700196300000800273520254000281653002502821653001202846653001302858653001802871653002002889653001702909653002202926100002802948856004502976       2014                        eng d00aGenetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex: From Pedigrees To Phylogenies0 aGenetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex From Pedigree  aSanta Cruz, CaliforniabUniversity of California Santa Cruzc2014/01/01/  a1643 a<p>Perhaps one of the world&#39;s most important groups of fish are the species within the Pacific trout complex, due to their harvest in fisheries and use in aquaculture. This dissertation consists of an in-depth evaluation of this group at different scales, from the assessment of biological traits throughout the reconstruction of pedigrees in two populations to a phylogeographic examination of multiple largely undescribed species. Here, a combination of novel molecular techniques allowed me to address critical ecological questions for the management and conservation of this group.In chapter one, I describe the discovery, characterization and development of single nucleotide polymorphisms for <italic>O. mykiss<italic> for the study of ecological interactions, phylogeography, and conservation status. These tools have great power for population genetic analysis, and for individual identification and pedigree reconstruction. The last allows the tracking of families, and an unprecedented level of evaluation of natural and hatchery populations.Chapter two expands the scope of these molecular tools to provide a powerful means of understanding of biological traits for steelhead hatchery programs in the Russian River, California. Reconstruction of cohort age distributions revealed a strong component of fish that spawn at age two, in contrast to program goals and distinct from naturally spawning steelhead. Correlations between family members in the day of spawning revealed a strongly heritable component to this life history trait and demonstrated the potential for selection to alter life history traits. These results demonstrate the promise of SNP-based pedigree reconstruction for providing biological inference in high-fecundity organisms.Chapter three describes how the molecular tools developed were applied to population genetics of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, to elucidate biodiversity, and evolutionary history, and measure introgression from hatchery rainbow trout. Here, I confirmed the vast genetic diversity present in northwestern Mexican trout and provided evidence that trout inhabiting the Sierra Madre Occidental correspond to independent lineages separated from <italic>O. mykiss<italic>. Introgression from non-native trout was detected, but the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained. All the information presented in this document will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this globally important group of fishes.</italic></italic></italic></italic></p>
10aConservation biology10aEcology10aGenetics10aMexican trout10aMicrosatellites10aOncorhynchus10aTruchas Mexicanas1 aAbadía-Cardoso, Alicia  uhttp://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ks0b0sm02324nas a2200169   4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260005400216300000800270520166200278653001401940653001801954653001401972653001001986100002001996856013802016       2004                        eng d00aRevisiting Aldo Leopold's "Perfect" Land Health: Conservation and Development in Mexico's Rio Gavilan0 aRevisiting Aldo Leopolds Perfect Land Health Conservation and De  aDenton, TexasbUniversity of North Texasc2004///  a2993 aThe Rio Gavilan watershed, located in Mexico 's northern Sierra Madre Occidental , has significance in conservation history. Upon visiting the remote, largely un­developed watershed during two hunting trips in the 1930s, renowned conservationist Aldo Leopold thought it was the best picture of land health he had seen. His main indicators of healthy land were slow water runoff rates regulating erosion and historical predator-prey relationships. The visits confirmed Leopold's concept of land health, inspired many of his essays, and helped shape his land ethic. Leopold proposed the area as a control site to research healthy land throughout North America . The proposal never went forward and the area has since been more intensively logged and grazed. This dissertation research used extensive literature review, archives, oral histories, citizen surveys, and rapid assessment of forest, rangeland, riparian, and socioeconomic health to assess impacts of past cultures and update the area's land health status. Projects that could restore land health, such as linked eco-tourism, forest density reduction, and rotational grazing, were assessed for feasibility. Recent critiques of Leopold's land ethic were also reviewed. Results indicate most pre-1940s impacts were light, current land health status is moderate, and local interest exists in restoring land health. Many fish and wildlife populations are reduced, temporarily stabilized, but still at risk. Soil and riverbed erosion, service sector economics, and (at some ridge-top sites) forest density are the land health indicators in worst condition. Land health restoration projects are feasible.10aChihuahua10aMexican trout10aRio Yaqui10atrout1 aForbes, William  uhttps://truchasmexicanas.myspecies.info/content/revisiting-aldo-leopolds-perfect-land-health-conservation-and-development-mexicos-rio