@mastersthesis {186, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n y Caracterizaci{\'o}n Ambiental del {\'A}rea de Distribuci{\'o}n Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los R{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/01//}, pages = {1-74}, school = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n en Alimentaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo, A.C.}, address = {Mazatl{\'a}n, Sinaloa, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {Regarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa, Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and Culiac{\'a}n rivers, bounded at altitudes >= 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species, extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT, compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT. Con relaci{\'o}n a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salm{\'o}nido nativo de M{\'e}xico cuya distribuci{\'o}n se ha restringido a las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello, el presente estudio se centr{\'o} en el modelado de la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de esta especie en las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, acotadas a altitudes >= 1500 msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relaci{\'o}n a la distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie. Dentro de esta {\'a}rea se cuenta con pocos registros hist{\'o}ricos de presencia de la especie, ampli{\'a}ndose con el presente estudio con 11 registros nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigaci{\'o}n. La informaci{\'o}n ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las variables bioclim{\'a}ticas de WorldClim y el {\'I}ndice Compuesto Topogr{\'a}fico del proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha informaci{\'o}n y con los registros de la especie, se model{\'o} la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de la especie con los m{\'e}todos BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en com{\'u}n relacionan datos de presencia (posici{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales. Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribuci{\'o}n por arriba de los 1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como l{\'\i}mite altitudinal, sin embargo existen diferencias en cuanto a la extensi{\'o}n y {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n final, existiendo mayor afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de los diferentes m{\'e}todos de modelaci{\'o}n mencionados anteriormente se aplic{\'o} un m{\'e}todo estad{\'\i}stico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validaci{\'o}n de los modelos coloca a GARP como el m{\'e}todo que presenta un mayor {\'e}xito predictivo, seguido por MAXENT. }, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, species distribution modelling}, author = {Ram{\'\i}rez-Huerta, Alejandro Luis} } @mastersthesis {169, title = {Genetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex: From Pedigrees To Phylogenies}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/01/01/}, pages = {164}, school = {University of California Santa Cruz}, address = {Santa Cruz, California}, abstract = {Perhaps one of the world{\textquoteright}s most important groups of fish are the species within the Pacific trout complex, due to their harvest in fisheries and use in aquaculture. This dissertation consists of an in-depth evaluation of this group at different scales, from the assessment of biological traits throughout the reconstruction of pedigrees in two populations to a phylogeographic examination of multiple largely undescribed species. Here, a combination of novel molecular techniques allowed me to address critical ecological questions for the management and conservation of this group.In chapter one, I describe the discovery, characterization and development of single nucleotide polymorphisms for O. mykiss for the study of ecological interactions, phylogeography, and conservation status. These tools have great power for population genetic analysis, and for individual identification and pedigree reconstruction. The last allows the tracking of families, and an unprecedented level of evaluation of natural and hatchery populations.Chapter two expands the scope of these molecular tools to provide a powerful means of understanding of biological traits for steelhead hatchery programs in the Russian River, California. Reconstruction of cohort age distributions revealed a strong component of fish that spawn at age two, in contrast to program goals and distinct from naturally spawning steelhead. Correlations between family members in the day of spawning revealed a strongly heritable component to this life history trait and demonstrated the potential for selection to alter life history traits. These results demonstrate the promise of SNP-based pedigree reconstruction for providing biological inference in high-fecundity organisms.Chapter three describes how the molecular tools developed were applied to population genetics of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, to elucidate biodiversity, and evolutionary history, and measure introgression from hatchery rainbow trout. Here, I confirmed the vast genetic diversity present in northwestern Mexican trout and provided evidence that trout inhabiting the Sierra Madre Occidental correspond to independent lineages separated from O. mykiss. Introgression from non-native trout was detected, but the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained. All the information presented in this document will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this globally important group of fishes.}, keywords = {Conservation biology, Ecology, Genetics, Mexican trout, Microsatellites, Oncorhynchus, Pedigrees, Phylogenetics, Population genetics, Single nucleotride polymorphisms, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ks0b0sm}, author = {Abad{\'\i}a-Cardoso, Alicia} } @mastersthesis {170, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n y Caracterizaci{\'o}n Ambiental del {\'A}rea de Distribuci{\'o}n Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los R{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/01//}, pages = {1-74}, school = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n en Alimentaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo, A.C.}, address = {Mazatl{\'a}n, Sinaloa, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {Regarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa, Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and Culiac{\'a}n rivers, bounded at altitudes >= 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species, extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT, compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT. Con relaci{\'o}n a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salm{\'o}nido nativo de M{\'e}xico cuya distribuci{\'o}n se ha restringido a las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello, el presente estudio se centr{\'o} en el modelado de la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de esta especie en las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, acotadas a altitudes >= 1500 msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relaci{\'o}n a la distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie. Dentro de esta {\'a}rea se cuenta con pocos registros hist{\'o}ricos de presencia de la especie, ampli{\'a}ndose con el presente estudio con 11 registros nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigaci{\'o}n. La informaci{\'o}n ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las variables bioclim{\'a}ticas de WorldClim y el {\'I}ndice Compuesto Topogr{\'a}fico del proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha informaci{\'o}n y con los registros de la especie, se model{\'o} la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de la especie con los m{\'e}todos BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en com{\'u}n relacionan datos de presencia (posici{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales. Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribuci{\'o}n por arriba de los 1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como l{\'\i}mite altitudinal, sin embargo existen diferencias en cuanto a la extensi{\'o}n y {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n final, existiendo mayor afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de los diferentes m{\'e}todos de modelaci{\'o}n mencionados anteriormente se aplic{\'o} un m{\'e}todo estad{\'\i}stico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validaci{\'o}n de los modelos coloca a GARP como el m{\'e}todo que presenta un mayor {\'e}xito predictivo, seguido por MAXENT. }, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, species distribution modelling}, author = {Ram{\'\i}rez-Huerta, Alejandro Luis} } @mastersthesis {22, title = {Genetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex: From Pedigrees To Phylogenies}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/01/01/}, pages = {164}, school = {University of California Santa Cruz}, address = {Santa Cruz, California}, abstract = {

Perhaps one of the world\&$\#$39;s most important groups of fish are the species within the Pacific trout complex, due to their harvest in fisheries and use in aquaculture. This dissertation consists of an in-depth evaluation of this group at different scales, from the assessment of biological traits throughout the reconstruction of pedigrees in two populations to a phylogeographic examination of multiple largely undescribed species. Here, a combination of novel molecular techniques allowed me to address critical ecological questions for the management and conservation of this group.In chapter one, I describe the discovery, characterization and development of single nucleotide polymorphisms for O. mykiss for the study of ecological interactions, phylogeography, and conservation status. These tools have great power for population genetic analysis, and for individual identification and pedigree reconstruction. The last allows the tracking of families, and an unprecedented level of evaluation of natural and hatchery populations.Chapter two expands the scope of these molecular tools to provide a powerful means of understanding of biological traits for steelhead hatchery programs in the Russian River, California. Reconstruction of cohort age distributions revealed a strong component of fish that spawn at age two, in contrast to program goals and distinct from naturally spawning steelhead. Correlations between family members in the day of spawning revealed a strongly heritable component to this life history trait and demonstrated the potential for selection to alter life history traits. These results demonstrate the promise of SNP-based pedigree reconstruction for providing biological inference in high-fecundity organisms.Chapter three describes how the molecular tools developed were applied to population genetics of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, to elucidate biodiversity, and evolutionary history, and measure introgression from hatchery rainbow trout. Here, I confirmed the vast genetic diversity present in northwestern Mexican trout and provided evidence that trout inhabiting the Sierra Madre Occidental correspond to independent lineages separated from O. mykiss. Introgression from non-native trout was detected, but the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained. All the information presented in this document will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this globally important group of fishes.

}, keywords = {Conservation biology, Ecology, Genetics, Mexican trout, Microsatellites, Oncorhynchus, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ks0b0sm}, author = {Abad{\'\i}a-Cardoso, Alicia} } @mastersthesis {12, title = {Revisiting Aldo Leopold{\textquoteright}s "Perfect" Land Health: Conservation and Development in Mexico{\textquoteright}s Rio Gavilan}, year = {2004}, note = {

Forbes, William. Revisiting Aldo Leopold{\textquoteright}s "Perfect" Land Health: Conservation and Development in Mexico{\textquoteright}s Rio Gavilan. Denton, Texas. UNT Digital Library. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4708/. Accessed March 13, 2010.

}, month = {2004///}, pages = {299}, school = {University of North Texas}, address = {Denton, Texas}, abstract = {The Rio Gavilan watershed, located in Mexico {\textquoteright}s northern Sierra Madre Occidental , has significance in conservation history. Upon visiting the remote, largely un-developed watershed during two hunting trips in the 1930s, renowned conservationist Aldo Leopold thought it was the best picture of land health he had seen. His main indicators of healthy land were slow water runoff rates regulating erosion and historical predator-prey relationships. The visits confirmed Leopold{\textquoteright}s concept of land health, inspired many of his essays, and helped shape his land ethic. Leopold proposed the area as a control site to research healthy land throughout North America . The proposal never went forward and the area has since been more intensively logged and grazed. This dissertation research used extensive literature review, archives, oral histories, citizen surveys, and rapid assessment of forest, rangeland, riparian, and socioeconomic health to assess impacts of past cultures and update the area{\textquoteright}s land health status. Projects that could restore land health, such as linked eco-tourism, forest density reduction, and rotational grazing, were assessed for feasibility. Recent critiques of Leopold{\textquoteright}s land ethic were also reviewed. Results indicate most pre-1940s impacts were light, current land health status is moderate, and local interest exists in restoring land health. Many fish and wildlife populations are reduced, temporarily stabilized, but still at risk. Soil and riverbed erosion, service sector economics, and (at some ridge-top sites) forest density are the land health indicators in worst condition. Land health restoration projects are feasible.}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Mexican trout, Rio Yaqui, trout}, author = {Forbes, William} }