@article {175, title = {Variabilidad gen{\'e}tica poblacional de la trucha Yaqui (Oncorhynchus sp.) en la regi{\'o}n de Mesa Tres R{\'\i}os, Sonora, M{\'e}xico}, journal = {Biotecnia}, volume = {21}, year = {2019}, month = {2019///}, pages = {134 - 142}, abstract = {La trucha Yaqui pertenece a un grupo de truchas nativas no descritas del g{\'e}nero Oncorhynchus del Noroeste de M{\'e}xico. Estudios morfol{\'o}gicos y moleculares postulan a la trucha Yaqui como una nueva especie exclusiva para las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Yaqui, Mayo y Casas Grandes y, evolutivamente muy cercana a la trucha arco{\'\i}ris, Oncorhynchus mykiss. El conocimiento de su historia natural es escaso. Se estudi{\'o} la variabilidad gen{\'e}tica poblacional y su estatus de conservaci{\'o}n en su distribuci{\'o}n en Sonora en la regi{\'o}n de Mesa Tres R{\'\i}os. Se muestrearon seis arroyos de aguas fr{\'\i}as (localidades) en la regi{\'o}n de Mesa Tres R{\'\i}os en dos vertientes geogr{\'a}ficas en la b{\'u}squeda de estructura gen{\'e}tica poblacional. Se analizaron 61 secuencias completas de la regi{\'o}n control del ADN mitocondrial. Se obtuvieron nueve haplotipos, tres de ellos se encontraron en ambas vertientes de las localidades del {\'a}rea estudiada. Los resultados mostraron una baja diferenciaci{\'o}n gen{\'e}tica poblacional (Fst = 0.08035) y un moderado n{\'u}mero de migrantes por generaci{\'o}n (Nem = 5.72), que resulta en una falta de estructura poblacional y sustenta la hip{\'o}tesis de una sola poblaci{\'o}n de trucha Yaqui en las vertientes muestreadas de la regi{\'o}n de Mesa Tres R{\'\i}os, Sonora.Yaqui trout belongs to a group of undescribed native trouts of the Oncorhynchus genus in the Northwest Mexico. Morphological and molecular studies postulate the Yaqui trout as a new species exclusively inhabiting the Yaqui, Mayo and Casas Grandes rivers basins, and with a very close evolu-tionary relationship to the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus my-kiss. Knowledge of its natural history is scarce. We studied the population genetic variability and its conservation status in its distribution in Sonora in the Mesa Tres R{\'\i}os region. Six cold water streams (localities) were sampled in the Mesa Tres R{\'\i}os region in two geographic slopes in the search for population genetic structure. We analyzed 61 complete sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Nine haplotypes were obtained, three of them found in both slopes of the localities in the studied area. Results showed a low population genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.08035), and a moderate number of migrants per generation (Nem = 5.72), which results in a lack of population structure, and supports the hypothesis of a single population of Yaqui trout in the sampled watersheds from the Mesa Tres R{\'\i}os region, Sonora.Keywords: Control region, Genetic structure, Yaqui trout, Northwest Mexico }, keywords = {Estructura gen{\'e}tica, Noroeste de M{\'e}xico, Regi{\'o}n control, trucha Yaqui}, url = {http://biotecnia.unison.mx/index.php/biotecnia/article/view/1045}, author = {Ballesteros-C{\'o}rdova, Carlos A. and Varela-Romero, Alejandro V and Grijalva-Chon, Jos{\'e} M. and Castillo-G{\'a}mez, Reyna A. and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio} } @article {156, title = {Daily, seasonal, and annual variability of temperature in streams inhabited by the endemic San Pedro Martir trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni), in Baja California, Mexico, and the predicted temperature for the years 2025 and 2050}, journal = {Journal of Limnology}, volume = {80}, year = {2021}, month = {2021/05/25/}, abstract = {The present study measured the daily, seasonal, and annual variability of the water temperature of streams in which the endemic rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni, is distributed on the western slope of the Sierra San Pedro M{\'a}rtir, Baja California, Mexico, between 1996 and 2019. The seasonal thermal interval and daily duration of summer temperatures above the thermal threshold for this trout subspecies (>= 28{\textdegree}C) were determined in streams at different elevations (553, 1,220, and 2,080 masl, or meters above sea level). Temperatures >= 28{\textdegree}C were recorded at the study site on the stream with the lowest elevation (San Antonio de Murillos Creek) over an accumulated 365 h between June and September 2014, with the maximum temperature recorded there, 30.66 {\textdegree}C, making it the site most vulnerable to climate change. At the San Antonio de Murillos Creek, the average water temperature predicted by three models (GFDL R30, HadCM3, and Mote) for the year 2025 would be a non-lethal temperature, < 28 {\textdegree}C, for trout at a minimum elevation of 491-511 masl, while this was predicted to be 545-701 masl for the year 2050. Predicted hourly water temperatures of 28{\textdegree}C (non-lethal) may occur at minimum elevations of 868-898 masl in 2025 and at 908-1028 masl in 2050, reducing a 21-23\% and 23-31\% its current altitudinal distribution range, respectively, thus avoiding its presence at the type locality (San Antonio de Murillos).}, keywords = {climate change, creek, endemic, model, Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni, water temperature}, isbn = {1723-8633}, url = {https://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/jlimnol.2021.2001}, author = {Meza-Matty, Iv{\'a}n Alejandro and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Daessl{\'e}, Luis Walter and Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and L{\'o}pez-Lambra{\~n}o, {\'A}lvaro Alberto and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Matthews, Kathleen R.} } @article {161, title = {First steps towards the identification of evolutionarily significant units in Mexican native trout: An assessment of microsatellite variation}, journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/05/15/}, abstract = {In the remote high-elevation streams and rivers in the northwest of Mexico, there is an endemic and highly diverse group of native trout related to the rainbow trout lineage (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Currently, only two species have been formally described from this trout complex, the Mexican golden trout, O. chrysogaster, and the San Pedro M{\'a}rtir rainbow trout, O. m. nelsoni, but only the former occurs in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). South and north of the O. chrysogaster range, there are other undescribed trout that have been recently discovered. Given the various human impacts on aquatic systems occupied by these Mexican native trout, the lack of taxonomic descriptions and the imminent risk of losing populations without their even being documented, we sought to infer a hierarchical population structure of the Mexican native trout, determine the geographic patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow among them, and identify evolutionarily significant units for a prompt conservation strategy. The allelic diversity across eleven microsatellite loci was used to assess genetic divergences of wild trout collected throughout its range in Mexico. Our results reject the old hypothesis that many of the trout in Mexico are introduced or translocated hatcheryreared rainbow trout and strongly support the new hypothesis of distinct genetic populations and lineages in the northwest of Mexico. According to the different statistical analysis of the genetic data, we distinguish between species and subspecies (O. chrysogaster, O. mykiss, and O. m. nelsoni) of the other regional lineages of undescribed trout (northern and southern) inhabiting the SMO. We also found a strong genetic substructure within these large clusters. We propose the presence of seven Evolutionarily Significant Units in the drainage basins of the SMO (two occur in the northern region, four in the southern, and one for the area of distribution of O. chrysogaster) and one in northwestern Baja California. Based in microsatellite data a minimum gene flow among populations is evidenced, resulting the presence the highly divergent populations.}, isbn = {0378-1909, 1573-5133}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-020-00979-4}, author = {Garc{\'\i}a-De Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. and Dillman, Casey B. and De Los Santos Camarillo, Anna Belia and George, Anna L. and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and De Los Angeles Barriga-Sosa, Irene and Mayden, Richard L.} } @article {13, title = {Conservation of the Conchos Trout: a white paper on history of its discovery, report on its status, and an urgent plea for action}, year = {2006}, note = {

Authors listed in alphabetical order.

Authors listed in alphabetical order.

}, month = {2006/04/13/}, pages = {1 - 11}, address = {University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA}, abstract = {

A broad-scale survey of potential trout habitats in upper tributaries of the R\ío Conchos of Chihuahua, M\éxico resulted in the re-discovery in 2005 of a long-lost native, endemic, and now endangered, undescribed trout species that we call the \"Conchos Trout.\" We are currently in the process of scientifically describing this rare trout, the only native Mexican trout known from an Atlantic drainage. Our extensive field efforts to date clearly indicate that this species was formerly much more widely distributed historically. Though surveys should continue, our extensive field surveys found only one small isolated and extremely vulnerable population, leaving us less than optimistic that many other, if any, additional populations will be found. Persistence of this new critically endangered endemic Conchos Trout clearly requires rapid conservation action. Our consensus expert opinion is that we cannot over-emphasize the urgency of protection for this critically endangered population of this unique trout, and so we have produced this \"white paper\" in hopes that it might encourage others to join us in initiating appropriate conservation programs. The potentially viable population is restricted to a short reach of a very small stream where it and another newly discovered, undescribed fish species, a sucker (and likely another unique taxon), could be relatively easily protected, studied and managed. Additionally, adjoining arroyos where the species recently occurred offer the possibility of restoring native fish populations to them following appropriate protection and habitat restoration efforts. All members of our highly qualified and diversely specialized, binational \"Truchas Mexicanas\" team stand prepared to join collaborators and invest personal resources in hands-on actions to help this new species persist. We recommend immediate establishment of a small reserve centered around currently occupied habitat and adjacent streams having suitable habitat, combined with education and compensation of local residents for their cooperation with reserve management. We recognize that we are largely ignorant of the local political and cultural systems via which conservation actions will have to proceed and are limited with regard to our ability to raise funds. We thus hope that readers of this white paper will add their financial and in-kind support and additional expertise to help us conserve the Conchos Trout!

}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Conchos, conservation, endangered, Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22233}, author = {Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Cutter, R. and de Los Santos, A.B. and Espinosa-P{\'e}rez, H. and Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n, F.J. and Hendrickson, Dean A. and Kuhajda, B.R. and Mayden, Richard L. and Neely, D.A. and Pfeifer, Frank and Propst, David L. and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Tomelleri, J.R. and Varela-Romero, Alejandro} } @article {16, title = {Mitochondrial haplotype variation in wild trout populations (Teleostei: Salmonidae) from northwestern Mexico}, journal = {Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {18}, year = {2008}, month = {2008///}, pages = {33 - 45}, abstract = {

The variation and composition of Mexican wild trout mitochondrial DNA haplotypes throughout northwestern Mexico was determined by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP), of one region of mitochondrial DNA between cytochrome b and the D-loop. This analysis was based on 261 specimens taken in 12 basins and four hatcheries from northwestern Mexico. From 23 haplotypes, 15 wild trout haplotypes were identified and classified in four groups: (1) one restricted to Nelson\&$\#$39;s trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni), (2) four restricted to R\¡o Mayo and R\¡oYaqui trout (O. mykiss sspp.), (3) six to Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster) with two subgroups, and (4) one exclusive to R\¡o Piaxtla trout. Distributions of native haplotypes broadly overlap the distribution of non-native hatchery rainbow trout reflecting the historical management of introductions of exotic rainbow trout and the artificial transference of these trout among basins.

}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Conchos, Cytochrome b, endangered, Mayo, Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout, Salmonidae, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {⬚d:\users\dean_h\reprints in pdf or other\Camarena_2008_Mt_haplotype_Mexican_trout.pdf⬚}, author = {Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Rosa-V{\'e}lez, Jorge and Mayden, Richard L. and Hendrickson, Dean A. and Varela-Romero, Alejandro and Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n, Francisco J.} } @article {21, title = {Isolation and characterization of 17 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Needham \& Gard 1964) derived from 454 pyrosequencing}, journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/05/14/}, pages = {1009 - 1012}, abstract = {

We present seventeen microsatellite loci developed for the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster through GS-FLX 454 pyrosequencing. We selected 34 primer pairs tested on 19 trout specimens from The Rio Verde (Rio Fuerte Bain) and we tested cross amplification on 35 trout specimens collected in seven hydrological basins from the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra San Pedro M\ártir, as well as five hatchery reared Oncorhynchus mykiss. We observed medium and high genetic variation among loci (mean number of alleles per locus = 8.0, SD = 2.92; mean H O = 0.65, SD = 0.27). These loci are the first to be characterized explicitly for O. chrysogaster and they are expected to be useful for population studies in this species and as reference for species delimitation.

}, keywords = {Mexican golden trout, Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {1877-7252, 1877-7260}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12686-013-9956-y}, author = {Garc{\'\i}a-De-Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. and Lozano-Garza, O. Adri{\'a}n and Mayden, Richard L. and Delgado-Vega, Rigoberto and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Escalante-S{\'a}nchez, Marco A. and Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and R{\'\i}o-Portilla, Miguel {\'A}ngel Del and Barriga-Sosa, Irene de los A. and Arcos-Ortega, Guadalupe Fabiola and Paniagua-Ch{\'a}vez, Carmen} } @inbook {15, title = {Conservation of Mexican native trout and the discovery, status, protection and recovery of the Conchos trout, the first native Oncorhynchus of the Atlantic drainage in Mexico}, booktitle = {Studies of North American Desert Fishes in Honor of E. P. (Phil) Pister, Conservationist}, year = {2007}, note = {

d:\users\dean_h\reprints in pdf or other\Hendrickson_etal_2007_conservation_Mexican_trout.pdf

}, month = {2007///}, pages = {162 - 201}, publisher = {Direcci{\'o}n de Publicaciones, Universidad Aut{\'o}noma de Nuevo Le{\'o}n, Facultad de Ciencias Biol{\'o}gicas}, organization = {Direcci{\'o}n de Publicaciones, Universidad Aut{\'o}noma de Nuevo Le{\'o}n, Facultad de Ciencias Biol{\'o}gicas}, address = {Monterrey, Nuevo Le{\'o}n, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {

The Northwestern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico is a rugged mountain range covering portions of Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango and Sinaloa, and is drained by multiple Pacific Slope Rivers to the west and the Casas Grandes, Conchos, and Nazas to the east. The overall area is topographically, climatically and biotically diverse, ranging from endorheic basins (Casas Grandes) to mountainous areas elevations up to 3348 m, average mean temperatures from 10-20\°C and precipitation from 250- 1100 mm/yr. The region is also geological complex that, combined with these other variables, provides a great diversity of both aquatic and terrestrial habitats conducive to both biotic endemicity and diversity. The overall diversity of the region has contribiited to the recent listing of this region by Conservation International as one of six new high-priority biodiversity hotspots. Our understanding of the aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity of this region, however, is poor and in urgent need of rapid investigation by collaborative communities. The combination of an incredibly rugged landscape, drug and bandit activities and indigenous peoples that have not always been welcoming to visitors has resulted in a general paucity of roads in the region, and the lack of access has limited inventory studies. Recently, however, access to the region has changed dramatically and many of the areas are now accessible enough for logging, mining, and agriculture practices, all exerting extreme pressures in some areas on the biodiversity. In addition to human-induced changes to these diverse ecosystems, impacts of invasive aquatic species are becoming more and more apparent, and the potential for severely reducing population sizes of species or their extirpation or extinction is real. While several invasive or exotic species are identified as potentially destructive to these communities, the exotic Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that is derived from hatcheries or culture facilities within the region represents one of the most critical threats to the aquatic and semi-aquatic biodiversity. The native trout of mainland Mexico represent the southern- most salmonids, and are at imminent risk of introgression and/or replacement by feral Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our recent survey efforts have expanded the known diversity and ranges of each of several distinct forms, which we feel represent valid species. We discuss our discovery of multiple new species from the Sierra Madre Occidental and focus on a new species of trout restricted to the upper Conchos drainage, the first native species of Oncorhynchus known to occupy the Atlantic Slope in Mexico. Many of these taxa are restricted to small areas of intact habitat in headwater areas of high-elevation streams, and are at risk from a suite of human-associated perturbations, emerging diseases, and introduced species. These fishes occupy unique habitats, and represent a diverse portion of the Mexican montane ichthyofauna. The habitats on which they depend support a wide range of other aquatic organisms, most of which are grossly understudied. The discovery of the Conchos Trout derived primarily by GARP niche modeling of a subset of localities of previously sampled undescribed native Mexican trout, provides only a snapshot of the biodiversity awaiting to be discovered in this region. The rugged landscape of the Sierra Madre Occidental simply precludes routine sampling at easily accesible locations of streams and most sampling locations require time-intensive access. In an effort to rapidly assess the biodiversity of rivers of this region we employed this method to aid in predicting the most suitable and highly probable Mexican trout niches in the region. This method offered highly efficient and powerful results that not only predicted the occurrence of a previously unknown trout in the upper Rio Conchos but also provided excellent predictions of available habitats in drainages where previously unknown trout have been discovered by the Truchas Mexicanas team in the last nine years. Multiple threats exist to the biodiversity of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental, including uncontrolled introductions of exotic and invasive species, emerging diseases such as whirling disease, Myxobolus cerebralis, infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), iridioviruses and pathogenic water mold, Saprolegnia ferax, land-use practices leading to habitat degradation via overgrazing, logging, deforestation and road construction, increasing human population growth, over-fishing or overharvesting of aquatic resources and global climate cliange reducing surface and ground water in the area and creating environments more conducive to the spread of invasive species, congregated and dense human populations, and emerging diseases. Immediate actions need to be developed to aid in public education as to the threats to these ecosystems, protection of areas, assessment of diversity, and sustainable development throughout the region that incorporates a likely highly successful ecotourism system for the region.

}, keywords = {Atlantic, Chihuahua, conservation, desert, Durango, Ecosystem, fishes, Mexican trout, MEXICO, Oncorhynchus, recovery, Rio Conchos, Sinaloa, Sonora, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {970-694-336-6}, author = {Hendrickson, Dean A. and Neely, David A. and Mayden, Richard L. and Anderson, K. and Brooks, James E. and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Cutter, Ralph F. and Cutter, Lisa and De Los Santos Camarillo, Ana Belia and Ernsting, Guy W. and Espinosa-P{\'e}rez, H{\'e}ctor and Findley, Lloyd T. and Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. and George, A.L. and Hatch, John and Kuhajda, Bernanrd R. and Mayden, Kyle E. and McNyset, Kristina M. and Nielsen, Jennifer L. and Pfeiffer, Frank W. and Propst, David L. and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and St.Clair, E. and Tomelleri, Joseph R. and Varela-Romero, Alejandro}, editor = {Lozano-Vilano, Ma. de Lourdes and Contreras-Balderas, Armando J.} }