@article {166,
	title = {Undescribed Mexican trout diversity: an update and conservation status assessments},
	journal = {F1000Research},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019/11/26/},
	abstract = {Two Mexican trout taxa are formally described (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, and O. mykiss nelsoni), but many other congeners have long been informally recognized as likely distinct. For more than two decades, the binational Truchas Mexicanas team searched for and collected trout broadly throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental of Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa and Durango. That fieldwork documented that the native range of the genus extends to the Tropic of Cancer, or ~1000 km S of El Paso, Texas, and indicates that most of Mexico{\textquoteright}s trout exist as small, isolated populations with very restricted ranges. Genetic studies of Truchas Mexicana{\textquoteright}s specimens demonstrated that the many distinctive lineages found in Mexico are at least as divergent from one another as are their much more thoroughly-studied relatives in the O. mykiss complex in the Western U.S.A. When an opportunity presented itself to list the many still undescribed Mexican forms in the IUCN Red List, as part of a large project to assess the conservation status of the entire Mexican freshwater fish fauna, the authors rapidly compiled the necessary documentation and submitted the required proposal. Once the proposal was accepted, we then worked with IUCN staff to finalize formal conservation assessments that should be published in the Red List about 1 month after this presentation is given at the 2019 meeting. We hope that this official listing of these 12 mostly undescribed Mexican endemic species, with 3 determined to be Critically Endangered (CR), 5 Endangered (EN), 3 Near Threatened (NT), and one Data Deficient (DD), will call attention to this important biodiversity asset and open doors for much-needed financial support for the conservation actions that are so desperately needed. Meanwhile, work continues on the morphologically difficult diagnoses of the new species and their descriptions.},
	url = {https://f1000research.com/slides/8-1990},
	author = {Hendrickson, Dean A. and Lyons, Timothy and Tomelleri, Joseph}
}
@inbook {159,
	title = {Species in the spotlight: Treasures of the Sierra Madre {\textendash} Mexico{\textquoteright}s little-known native trout diversity},
	booktitle = {The status and distribution of freshwater fishes in Mexico},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020///},
	pages = {38 - 41},
	publisher = {IUCN and ABQ BioPark},
	organization = {IUCN and ABQ BioPark},
	address = {Cambridge, UK and Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA},
	abstract = {Few individuals on our planet do not know what trout andsalmon are. They are usually recognised as highly palatable,
and often colourful species, and most who know them likely
visualize cold, beautiful, pristine, free flowing, alpine or forest
streams and rivers as their typical habitats. Many will also
know of the remarkable migrations taken by some species,
moving from their birth locations in rivers to oceans and
then returning to their birthplaces to spawn and die. Some
may recognise their importance as prized targets of anglers,
particularly fly fishers, who spare no expenses to go after
these trophies. Many others who might not be so familiar
with the characteristics just mentioned may likely recognise
species of this family as the tasty, and usually relatively costly
fish found frozen or on ice in grocery stores and fish markets,
or in cans, or smoked, or served in restaurants. Their flesh,
often pink or rosy-coloured, is prized worldwide.
There is no doubt that fishes in this family (Salmonidae)
are well known in most of the developed and developing
countries of the world and that some have become extremely
economically and globally important commercial species that
support large-scale recreational as well as wild commercial
fisheries, and are massively produced by global aquaculture.
At the same time many are also imperilled to some degree.
Before this project, the Red List database contained
140 species of Salmonids. Here we{\textquoteright}ll focus on the genus
Oncorhynchus, commonly known as the Pacific salmons and
trout, which prior to this project was represented in the Red
List by six species. Then, setting aside the many {\textquotedblleft}salmon{\textquotedblright}
of this genus, we{\textquoteright}ll focus only on trout, specifically those of
a large and diverse lineage, best known for one species,
the famous rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Originally known only
from California and other Pacific drainages of the U.S.,
rainbow trout have long been a prized target of anglers,
and the species has been bred in captivity for at least 150
years. High demand for it for both sport fisheries, as well as
wild and captive protein production, resulted in it now being
established on every continent. It has become not only one of
the world{\textquoteright}s most important recreational fishing species, but
also one of the planet{\textquoteright}s most widely cultured vertebrates. It
is effectively global agriculture{\textquoteright}s {\textquotedblleft}fish version{\textquotedblright} of the chicken,
with global aquaculture production of the species in 2014
reaching 812,940 metric tonnes valued at nearly 4 billion US$
(U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) n.d.)
That rainbow trout of global fishery and aquaculture fame is
known to be one of about 10 closely related subspecies of
what is called the {\textquotedblleft}coastal rainbow{\textquotedblright} branch of the evolutionary
tree of the genus. Most of those are from California, but two
native Mexican taxa have long been recognised as part of
this lineage, O. m. nelsoni (Nelson{\textquoteright}s trout {\textendash} recently reviewed
by (Ruiz Campos, 2017)) of the northernmost mountains of
Baja California, and O. chrysogaster (the Mexican golden
trout {\textendash} recently covered by multiple contributors (Ruiz-Luna
\& Garcia De Le{\'o}n, 2016). Recent genetic studies (Abad{\'\i}aCardoso et al., 2015) confirm those relationships and reveal,
from specimens collected by the bi-national group of
researchers known as Truchas Mexicanas (Hendrickson et
al., 2003), that Mexico{\textquoteright}s share of the diversity in this lineage
is much greater. At least 10 more, still undescribed species
of native trout reside in remote, rugged and isolated corners
of the Sierra Madre Occidental extending as far south as
the high mountains between Mazatl{\'a}n and Ciudad Durango.
Truchas Mexicanas{\textquoteright} fieldwork left no doubt that most share
a need for conservation actions to help their often small
and fragmented populations persist, and some are critically
imperilled (Camarena-Rosales et al., 2006; Hendrickson et
al., 2007; Hendrickson \& Tomelleri 2019). While their formal
descriptions have been delayed for various reasons, recent
genetic validation of their distinctiveness, and clear need
for recognition of the need for conservation actions on
their behalf, led those studying them to petition the IUCN to
add them to the Red List while their descriptions are being
finalized. That petition was accepted and their assessments
were completed as part of this project.
},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/8755},
	author = {Hendrickson, Dean A.},
	editor = {Lyons, Timothy and M{\'a}iz-Tom{\'e}, Laura and Tognelli, Marcelo F. and Daniels, Adam and Meredith, Clayton and Bullock, Robert and Harrison, Ian J.}
}
@book {160,
	title = {The status and distribution of freshwater fishes in Mexico},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020///},
	pages = {81},
	publisher = {IUCN and ABQ BioPark},
	organization = {IUCN and ABQ BioPark},
	address = {Cambridge, UK and Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA},
	abstract = {The inland waters of Mexico support a highly diverse groupof freshwater fishes with high levels of endemism that occur
across a broad range of aquatic habitat types. These aquatic
ecosystems provide many direct (e.g., fisheries) and indirect
(e.g., agricultural irrigation) benefits to people, and support
local livelihoods and economies across Mexico. Freshwater
ecosystems are undervalued and receive insufficient funding,
political attention and protection. Developing interests
and funding for freshwater species conservation is crucial
for {\textquotedblleft}bending the curve{\textquotedblright} to reduce and ultimately reverse
freshwater biodiversity declines. Historical disregard for the
health and sustainable use of freshwater ecosystems has
resulted in alarming rates of loss in the quality and availability
of aquatic habitat. This report presents the most recent
information on the conservation status and distribution of
freshwater fishes in Mexico, and examines the stressors that
are driving their declining conservation status. Important
conservation actions and considerations are also presented.
Five hundred and thirty-six species of freshwater fishes
were assessed against the IUCN Red List Categories and
Criteria, representing the most comprehensive assessment
of freshwater biodiversity in Mexico to date. This assessment
seeks to address the insufficient information available on
freshwater fish conservation status, which has resulted in
their inadequate representation in environmental planning
and management. The full data set, including all species
distribution maps, is freely available through the IUCN Red
List website (www.iucnredlist.org).
Forty percent of all extant species assessed are threatened
with extinction, assuming all Data Deficient species are
threatened in the same proportion as those for which
enough information was available. The most pervasive
threats are related to habitat loss and degradation, which is
driven primarily by unsustainable water use and widespread
agricultural activity. Excessive extraction of groundwater and
diversion of surface water for human consumption, industrial
processes, and plantation agriculture has led to widespread
flow reductions, reduced water tables, and subsequent drying
of aquatic habitat, which is especially prevalent in the arid,
endorheic spring systems of northern and central Mexico.
Mexico{\textquoteright}s vast hydroelectric infrastructure has altered the
historical flow regime of many major rivers, blocking natural
migration routes and fragmenting subpopulations of native
fishes. Agricultural runoff, inadequate wastewater treatment,
and industrial discharges have also resulted in increased
levels of pollution. A number of non-native fish species
have been introduced both intentionally and unintentionally
throughout many of Mexico{\textquoteright}s natural and artificial surface
waters, with profound impacts on native species distribution
and abundance.
Given the high connectivity of riverine surface waters
and underlying aquifers, the impacts of these threats
spread rapidly throughout freshwater ecosystems. Future
conservation efforts must place greater emphasis on
upstream, downstream, and lateral connectivity within water
catchments. Systematic conservation planning approaches
should be implemented to develop an integrated conservation
action plan for freshwater fishes in Mexico, including
broad stakeholder participation, environmental monitoring
schemes, and the development of protected areas designed
to maintain high levels of aquatic connectivity.
Another priority is to direct additional research effort towards
the high proportion of species assessed as Data Deficient due
to insufficient information on their conservation status and
distributions. This lack of information presents a significant
bottleneck to the effective management and conservation of
Mexico{\textquoteright}s freshwater habitats and ichthyofauna.
From a policy perspective, the information presented in this
report will help support the implementation of multilateral
environmental agreements in Mexico, guide conservation
planning and priority setting at the national and international
level, and provide a baseline of conservation success in
subsequent assessments of extinction risk. In addition, this
new information will help efforts to achieve the targets of the
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as: Target
6.6 for protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems;
Target 6.5 on implementing integrated water resources
management at all levels; Target 15.1 for conservation,
restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland
freshwater ecosystems and their services; and Target 15.5
focused on urgent and significant action to reduce the
degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity
and, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.
The IUCN Red List is one of the most authoritative global
standards supporting policy and action to conserve
biodiversity. The analysis presented in this report, based
on an assessment of species Red List status, will provide
new information to help guide conservation actions and development planning to safeguard the diversity of freshwater
ichthyofauna in Mexico. Periodic update of IUCN Red List
species assessments will enable calculation of a Red List
Index of change in freshwater species extinction risk over
time, which will inform managers on the conservation
effectiveness of any management interventions.
},
	url = {https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/49039},
	author = {Contreras-MacBeath, Topiltzin and Hendrickson, Dean A. and Arroyave, Jairo and Mercado Silva, Norman and K{\"o}ck, Michael and Dom{\'\i}nguez Dom{\'\i}nguez, Omar and Vald{\'e}s Gonz{\'a}lez, Arcadio and Espinosa P{\'e}rez, H{\'e}ctor and G{\'o}mez Balandra, Mar{\'\i}a Antonieta and Matamoros, Wilfredo and Schmitter-Soto, Juan Jacobo and Soto-Galera, Eduardo and Rivas Gonz{\'a}lez, Juan Manuel and Vega-Cendejas, Mar{\'\i}a Eugenia and Ornelas-Garc{\'\i}a, Claudia Patricia and Norris, Steven M. and Mej{\'\i}a Guerrero, H{\'e}ctor Omar}
}
