02887nas a2200193   4500008004100000020002500041245014600066210006900212260001600281520213700297100003602434700002302470700003202493700002102525700003102546700003602577700002402613856005602637       2020                        eng d  a0378-1909, 1573-513300aFirst steps towards the identification of evolutionarily significant units in Mexican native trout: An assessment of microsatellite variation0 aFirst steps towards the identification of evolutionarily signifi  c2020/05/15/3 aIn the remote high-elevation streams and rivers in the northwest of Mexico, there is an endemic and highly diverse group of native trout related to the rainbow trout lineage (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Currently, only two species have been formally described from this trout complex, the Mexican golden trout, O. chrysogaster, and the San Pedro Mártir rainbow trout, O. m. nelsoni, but only the former occurs in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). South and north of the O. chrysogaster range, there are other undescribed trout that have been recently discovered. Given the various human impacts on aquatic systems occupied by these Mexican native trout, the lack of taxonomic descriptions and the imminent risk of losing populations without their even being documented, we sought to infer a hierarchical population structure of the Mexican native trout, determine the geographic patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow among them, and identify evolutionarily significant units for a prompt conservation strategy. The allelic diversity across eleven microsatellite loci was used to assess genetic divergences of wild trout collected throughout its range in Mexico. Our results reject the old hypothesis that many of the trout in Mexico are introduced or translocated hatcheryreared rainbow trout and strongly support the new hypothesis of distinct genetic populations and lineages in the northwest of Mexico. According to the different statistical analysis of the genetic data, we distinguish between species and subspecies (O. chrysogaster, O. mykiss, and O. m. nelsoni) of the other regional lineages of undescribed trout (northern and southern) inhabiting the SMO. We also found a strong genetic substructure within these large clusters. We propose the presence of seven Evolutionarily Significant Units in the drainage basins of the SMO (two occur in the northern region, four in the southern, and one for the area of distribution of O. chrysogaster) and one in northwestern Baja California. Based in microsatellite data a minimum gene flow among populations is evidenced, resulting the presence the highly divergent populations.1 aDe León, Francisco, J. García1 aDillman, Casey, B.1 aCamarillo, Anna, Belia De L1 aGeorge, Anna, L.1 aCamarena-Rosales, Faustino1 aBarriga-Sosa, Irene, De Los Ang1 aMayden, Richard, L.  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-020-00979-402199nas a2200265   4500008004100000020001400041245016000055210006900215260001400284300000800298490000600306520130300312653000901615653002501624653002501649653002101674653001501695653002101710100002201731700003401753700003401787700003301821700003601854856004301890       2023                        eng d  a2410-388800aAssembly, Characterization, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mitogenomes of Two Species of Mexican Trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster and O. mykiss nelsoni)0 aAssembly Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mito  c2023/04//  a1780 v83 aIn this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the Mexican golden trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, and Nelson’s trout, O. mykiss nelson, were assembled and characterized. The mitogenomes were 16,655 bp and 16,661 bp long, respectively, and were composed of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes (all with typical ‘cloverleaf’ secondary structures). The length of the D-loop regions was among the longest found in Salmonids, and mitochondrial synteny in both species was identical to that reported in other Salmonids. Selective pressure analysis in the PCGs indicated that purifying selection, mainly among cox and nd genes families, likely generated the main differences between the two studied species. Nine tRNA genes showed slight differences relative to other O. mykiss subspecies, which were identical between the two study taxa. The origin of the light-strand replication has a loop that was especially large in O. mykiss nelsoni. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that O. chrysogaster and O. mykiss nelsoni are sister species, contrary to the expectation that O. chrysogaster would cluster with O. gilae. As previous studies have suggested, O. chrysogaster and O. mykiss nelsoni share common ancestry with North American trout species.10afish10aMexican golden trout10amitochondrial genome10aNelson’s trout10aSalmonidae10ataxonomic status1 aColín, Angélica1 aDel Río-Portilla, Miguel, A.1 aDe la Cruz, Fabiola, Lafarga-1 aDe la Mora, Genoveva, Ingle-1 aDe León, Francisco, J. García  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/4/178