@article {191, title = {Biodiversity in the Mexican highlands and the interaction of geology, geography and climate within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {42}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/09/01/}, pages = {1586 - 1600}, abstract = {Aim(1) To synthesize data on the physical and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands, with a focus on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), and (2) to propose approaches and analyses needed for examining the interaction of climate and volcanism. Location Mexico. Methods We performed a literature and data survey of the climatic, geological and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands. We then assessed how the expected effects of topographic isolation, co-occurring palaeoclimatic fluctuations and volcanism can be tested against the distribution of genetic diversity of high-elevation taxa. Results The Mexican highlands present a complex biogeographical, climatic and geological history. Montane taxa have been exposed to a sky-island dynamic through climate fluctuations, allowing for long-term in~situ population persistence, while also promoting recent divergence and speciation events. Volcanic activity transformed part of the Mexican highlands during the Pleistocene, mainly in the TMVB, leading to co-occurring climate and topographical changes. The TMVB highlands provide a suitable template to examine how low-latitude mountains can facilitate both the long-term persistence of biodiversity as well as allopatric and parapatric speciation driven by climatic and geological events. Main conclusions Climate fluctuations, together with recent volcanism, have driven the diversification and local persistence of biodiversity within the Mexican highlands. The climate{\textendash}volcanism interaction is challenging to study; however, this can be overcome by coupling genomic data with landscape analyses that integrate the geological and climatic history of the region. }, keywords = {Genetic diversity, glacial periods, Mexican trout, Neogene, phylogeography, Pleistocene, tropical mountains, volcanism}, isbn = {1365-2699}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.12546/abstract}, author = {Mastretta-Yanes, Alicia and Moreno-Letelier, Alejandra and Pi{\~n}ero, Daniel and Jorgensen, Tove H. and Emerson, Brent C.} } @article {mastretta-yanes_biodiversity_2015, title = {Biodiversity in the Mexican highlands and the interaction of geology, geography and climate within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {42}, number = {9}, year = {2015}, pages = {1586{\textendash}1600}, abstract = {Aim (1) To synthesize data on the physical and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands, with a focus on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), and (2) to propose approaches and analyses needed for examining the interaction of climate and volcanism. Location Mexico. Methods We performed a literature and data survey of the climatic, geological and phylogeographical history of the Mexican highlands. We then assessed how the expected effects of topographic isolation, co-occurring palaeoclimatic fluctuations and volcanism can be tested against the distribution of genetic diversity of high-elevation taxa. Results The Mexican highlands present a complex biogeographical, climatic and geological history. Montane taxa have been exposed to a sky-island dynamic through climate fluctuations, allowing for long-term in~situ population persistence, while also promoting recent divergence and speciation events. Volcanic activity transformed part of the Mexican highlands during the Pleistocene, mainly in the TMVB, leading to co-occurring climate and topographical changes. The TMVB highlands provide a suitable template to examine how low-latitude mountains can facilitate both the long-term persistence of biodiversity as well as allopatric and parapatric speciation driven by climatic and geological events. Main conclusions Climate fluctuations, together with recent volcanism, have driven the diversification and local persistence of biodiversity within the Mexican highlands. The climate{\textendash}volcanism interaction is challenging to study; however, this can be overcome by coupling genomic data with landscape analyses that integrate the geological and climatic history of the region.}, keywords = {Genetic diversity, glacial periods, Mexican trout, Neogene, phylogeography, Pleistocene, tropical mountains, volcanism}, issn = {1365-2699}, doi = {10.1111/jbi.12546}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.12546/abstract}, author = {Mastretta-Yanes, Alicia and Moreno-Letelier, Alejandra and Pi{\~n}ero, Daniel and Jorgensen, Tove H. and Emerson, Brent C.} } @mastersthesis {186, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n y Caracterizaci{\'o}n Ambiental del {\'A}rea de Distribuci{\'o}n Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los R{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/01//}, pages = {1-74}, school = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n en Alimentaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo, A.C.}, address = {Mazatl{\'a}n, Sinaloa, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {Regarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa, Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and Culiac{\'a}n rivers, bounded at altitudes >= 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species, extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT, compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT. Con relaci{\'o}n a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salm{\'o}nido nativo de M{\'e}xico cuya distribuci{\'o}n se ha restringido a las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello, el presente estudio se centr{\'o} en el modelado de la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de esta especie en las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, acotadas a altitudes >= 1500 msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relaci{\'o}n a la distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie. Dentro de esta {\'a}rea se cuenta con pocos registros hist{\'o}ricos de presencia de la especie, ampli{\'a}ndose con el presente estudio con 11 registros nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigaci{\'o}n. La informaci{\'o}n ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las variables bioclim{\'a}ticas de WorldClim y el {\'I}ndice Compuesto Topogr{\'a}fico del proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha informaci{\'o}n y con los registros de la especie, se model{\'o} la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de la especie con los m{\'e}todos BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en com{\'u}n relacionan datos de presencia (posici{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales. Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribuci{\'o}n por arriba de los 1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como l{\'\i}mite altitudinal, sin embargo existen diferencias en cuanto a la extensi{\'o}n y {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n final, existiendo mayor afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de los diferentes m{\'e}todos de modelaci{\'o}n mencionados anteriormente se aplic{\'o} un m{\'e}todo estad{\'\i}stico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validaci{\'o}n de los modelos coloca a GARP como el m{\'e}todo que presenta un mayor {\'e}xito predictivo, seguido por MAXENT. }, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, species distribution modelling}, author = {Ram{\'\i}rez-Huerta, Alejandro Luis} } @article {177, title = {The interplay of riverscape features and exotic introgression on the genetic structure of the Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster), a simulation approach}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {45}, year = {2018}, month = {2018///}, pages = {1500 - 1514}, abstract = {Aim We explored the factors between riverscape features and exotic introgression of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that drive the current genetic structure in the endemic Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) using a riverscape genetics simulator. Location Sierra Madre Occidental, Northwest Mexico, North America. Methods We created a system model for Mexican golden trout to test various scenarios for the effect of riverscape resistance and rainbow trout introgression on the native genetic structure of the Mexican golden trout. Individual genotypes were used to initialize the model and were based upon empirical allele frequencies from three genetically and spatially distinct groups in the study area. The geographical location of the simulated populations was defined using a species distribution model. We included hypotheses for movement of riverine distance and riverscape resistance. We evaluated model performance by conducting population and landscape genetics analyses on the simulation outputs. Results The most plausible scenario included riverscape resistance without introgression, which presented a spatial genetic structure matching the observed riverscape genetic structure and fitting expected general life-history patterns for high elevation trout streams. In addition, temperature, precipitation, hydrology and topography were the most important variables influencing species occurrence and dispersal. Main conclusion This work presents one of the first empirically derived simulation studies of introgression. It highlights the importance of considering riverscape resistance (i.e. hydroclimatic and topographical gradient effects) in models of spatial genetic structure and introgression. Moreover, our modelling suggests that what we characterize as riverscape resistance is acting as a boundary against exotic introgression. The results of this study could help to develop management strategies that preserve native gene pools.}, keywords = {CDMetaPOP, exotic trout, Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, rainbow trout, riverscape genetics, species distribution modelling, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {1365-2699}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jbi.13246}, author = {Escalante, Marco Alejandro and Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. Garc{\'\i}a-De and Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and Landguth, Erin and Manel, St{\'e}phanie} } @mastersthesis {169, title = {Genetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex: From Pedigrees To Phylogenies}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/01/01/}, pages = {164}, school = {University of California Santa Cruz}, address = {Santa Cruz, California}, abstract = {Perhaps one of the world{\textquoteright}s most important groups of fish are the species within the Pacific trout complex, due to their harvest in fisheries and use in aquaculture. This dissertation consists of an in-depth evaluation of this group at different scales, from the assessment of biological traits throughout the reconstruction of pedigrees in two populations to a phylogeographic examination of multiple largely undescribed species. Here, a combination of novel molecular techniques allowed me to address critical ecological questions for the management and conservation of this group.In chapter one, I describe the discovery, characterization and development of single nucleotide polymorphisms for O. mykiss for the study of ecological interactions, phylogeography, and conservation status. These tools have great power for population genetic analysis, and for individual identification and pedigree reconstruction. The last allows the tracking of families, and an unprecedented level of evaluation of natural and hatchery populations.Chapter two expands the scope of these molecular tools to provide a powerful means of understanding of biological traits for steelhead hatchery programs in the Russian River, California. Reconstruction of cohort age distributions revealed a strong component of fish that spawn at age two, in contrast to program goals and distinct from naturally spawning steelhead. Correlations between family members in the day of spawning revealed a strongly heritable component to this life history trait and demonstrated the potential for selection to alter life history traits. These results demonstrate the promise of SNP-based pedigree reconstruction for providing biological inference in high-fecundity organisms.Chapter three describes how the molecular tools developed were applied to population genetics of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, to elucidate biodiversity, and evolutionary history, and measure introgression from hatchery rainbow trout. Here, I confirmed the vast genetic diversity present in northwestern Mexican trout and provided evidence that trout inhabiting the Sierra Madre Occidental correspond to independent lineages separated from O. mykiss. Introgression from non-native trout was detected, but the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained. All the information presented in this document will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this globally important group of fishes.}, keywords = {Conservation biology, Ecology, Genetics, Mexican trout, Microsatellites, Oncorhynchus, Pedigrees, Phylogenetics, Population genetics, Single nucleotride polymorphisms, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ks0b0sm}, author = {Abad{\'\i}a-Cardoso, Alicia} } @mastersthesis {170, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n y Caracterizaci{\'o}n Ambiental del {\'A}rea de Distribuci{\'o}n Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los R{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/01//}, pages = {1-74}, school = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n en Alimentaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo, A.C.}, address = {Mazatl{\'a}n, Sinaloa, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {Regarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa, Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and Culiac{\'a}n rivers, bounded at altitudes >= 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species, extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT, compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT. Con relaci{\'o}n a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salm{\'o}nido nativo de M{\'e}xico cuya distribuci{\'o}n se ha restringido a las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello, el presente estudio se centr{\'o} en el modelado de la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de esta especie en las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, acotadas a altitudes >= 1500 msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relaci{\'o}n a la distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie. Dentro de esta {\'a}rea se cuenta con pocos registros hist{\'o}ricos de presencia de la especie, ampli{\'a}ndose con el presente estudio con 11 registros nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigaci{\'o}n. La informaci{\'o}n ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las variables bioclim{\'a}ticas de WorldClim y el {\'I}ndice Compuesto Topogr{\'a}fico del proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha informaci{\'o}n y con los registros de la especie, se model{\'o} la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de la especie con los m{\'e}todos BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en com{\'u}n relacionan datos de presencia (posici{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales. Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribuci{\'o}n por arriba de los 1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como l{\'\i}mite altitudinal, sin embargo existen diferencias en cuanto a la extensi{\'o}n y {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n final, existiendo mayor afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de los diferentes m{\'e}todos de modelaci{\'o}n mencionados anteriormente se aplic{\'o} un m{\'e}todo estad{\'\i}stico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validaci{\'o}n de los modelos coloca a GARP como el m{\'e}todo que presenta un mayor {\'e}xito predictivo, seguido por MAXENT. }, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, species distribution modelling}, author = {Ram{\'\i}rez-Huerta, Alejandro Luis} } @article {165, title = {Truchas Mexicanas}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/04/30/}, abstract = {Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Free and Open Access to Biodiversity Data. Preliminary dataset published by http://truchasmexicanas.myspecies.info/}, keywords = {Mexican golden trout, Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://truchasmexicanas.myspecies.info/}, author = {Hendrickson, Dean A.} } @article {157, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n de la distribuci{\'o}n de truchas nativas de la Sierra Madre Occidental y su relaci{\'o}n con la estructura del paisaje adyacente}, journal = {GBIF.org}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/03/30/}, abstract = {El proyecto se centra en el estudio de truchas nativas de M{\'e}xico, que se distribuyen en la Sierra Madre Occidental. Se reconoce la existencia de la especie Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964), denominada Trucha dorada mexicana (PISCES: Salmonidae), misma que est{\'a} reportada como especie end{\'e}mica amenazada en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y como especie vulnerable en CITES (Conference on International Trade in Endangered Species). La situaci{\'o}n de riesgo es a{\'u}n m{\'a}s grave si se considera que estudios recientes indican que por la heterogeneidad gen{\'e}tica de este complejo de peces, es posible la identificaci{\'o}n de nuevas especies o subespecies de truchas nativas (Hendrickson et al., 2002, Hendrickson et al., 2006). Considerando lo anterior y tomando en cuenta que existen algunas iniciativas (particularmente realizadas por acad{\'e}micos estadounidenses y mexicanos), enfocadas al estudio sistem{\'a}tico y gen{\'e}tico de este grupo de peces, se propone complementarlas con el an{\'a}lisis espacial del paisaje del {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n potencial de O. chrysogaster. Para ello se analizar{\'a}n los registros hist{\'o}ricos, los datos existentes con referencia geogr{\'a}fica espec{\'\i}fica y adicionalmente los datos que se generen a partir de este proyecto, para producir un modelo de distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie en la Sierra Madre Occidental. Dado el escaso registro con que se cuenta se considera indispensable la colecta con fines de ampliar dicho registro, pero particularmente con la intenci{\'o}n de validar en lo posible el modelo que se genere. Se aplicar{\'a}n t{\'e}cnicas de percepci{\'o}n remota que permitir{\'a}n identificar las caracter{\'\i}sticas ambientales de las localidades de registro (red hidr{\'a}ulica, altitud, pendiente, tipos de cobertura) y que podr{\'a}n ser incorporadas a un sistema de informaci{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica (SIG), conjuntamente con informaci{\'o}n auxiliar (temperaturas promedio, precipitaci{\'o}n, geolog{\'\i}a, etc.). La identificaci{\'o}n de estas caracter{\'\i}sticas, en conjunto con datos de la presencia/ausencia de las truchas permitir{\'a} generar mapas de susceptibilidad de las {\'a}reas de distribuci{\'o}n de estas especies por medio de modelos del nicho ecol{\'o}gico, por ejemplo MAXENT y Mahalanobis.}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster}, url = {https://www.gbif.org/dataset/90711430-4260-422f-aeb2-26ce7f72f56c}, author = {Ruiz Luna, Arturo} } @book {ruiz-luna_trucha_2016, title = {La Trucha Dorada Mexicana / The Mexican Golden Trout}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Arturo Ruiz Luna and Francisco Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n}, organization = {Arturo Ruiz Luna and Francisco Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n}, edition = {1}, address = {M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {La trucha dorada mexicana (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) es un pez end{\'e}mico de M{\'e}xico que habita en aguas fr{\'\i}as de alta monta{\~n}a en la Sierra Madre Occidental. Es un recurso con gran potencial para desarrollos acu{\'\i}colas en la regi{\'o}n, sin embargo poco se conoce sobre su biolog{\'\i}a y el estado actual de sus poblaciones, aunque se reconoce que enfrenta fuertes amenazas debido a las actividades humanas que se desarrollan en su {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n. Por ello, la informaci{\'o}n que esta obra contiene sobre esta especie, generada por un amplio grupo de especialistas tanto nacionales como internacionales, se presenta como una l{\'\i}nea de base para futuros estudios de mayor profundidad que caodyuven a la conservaci{\'o}n y manejo de esta especie.como internacionales, se presenta como una l{\'\i}nea de base para futuros estudios de mayor profundidad que caodyuven a la conservaci{\'o}n y manejo de esta especie.}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Durango, Mexican trout}, isbn = {978-607-7900-26-9}, url = {https://cibnor.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/handle/1001/1364}, editor = {Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and Garcia De Le{\'o}n, Francisco Javier} } @article {110, title = {SGER: Biodiversity of Native Mexican Trout (Genus Oncorhynchus spp.) and The Impending Treat of Their Demise by The Exotic Rainbow Trout O. mykiss gairdneri (Teleostei: Salmonidae). DEB 0240184}, year = {2006}, month = {2006///}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {DEB 0240184}, url = {http://bio.slu.edu/mayden/truchas/NSF_trout_final_report.pdf}, author = {Mayden, Richard L.} } @mastersthesis {22, title = {Genetic Investigation Of The Pacific Trout Complex: From Pedigrees To Phylogenies}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/01/01/}, pages = {164}, school = {University of California Santa Cruz}, address = {Santa Cruz, California}, abstract = {

Perhaps one of the world\&$\#$39;s most important groups of fish are the species within the Pacific trout complex, due to their harvest in fisheries and use in aquaculture. This dissertation consists of an in-depth evaluation of this group at different scales, from the assessment of biological traits throughout the reconstruction of pedigrees in two populations to a phylogeographic examination of multiple largely undescribed species. Here, a combination of novel molecular techniques allowed me to address critical ecological questions for the management and conservation of this group.In chapter one, I describe the discovery, characterization and development of single nucleotide polymorphisms for O. mykiss for the study of ecological interactions, phylogeography, and conservation status. These tools have great power for population genetic analysis, and for individual identification and pedigree reconstruction. The last allows the tracking of families, and an unprecedented level of evaluation of natural and hatchery populations.Chapter two expands the scope of these molecular tools to provide a powerful means of understanding of biological traits for steelhead hatchery programs in the Russian River, California. Reconstruction of cohort age distributions revealed a strong component of fish that spawn at age two, in contrast to program goals and distinct from naturally spawning steelhead. Correlations between family members in the day of spawning revealed a strongly heritable component to this life history trait and demonstrated the potential for selection to alter life history traits. These results demonstrate the promise of SNP-based pedigree reconstruction for providing biological inference in high-fecundity organisms.Chapter three describes how the molecular tools developed were applied to population genetics of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, to elucidate biodiversity, and evolutionary history, and measure introgression from hatchery rainbow trout. Here, I confirmed the vast genetic diversity present in northwestern Mexican trout and provided evidence that trout inhabiting the Sierra Madre Occidental correspond to independent lineages separated from O. mykiss. Introgression from non-native trout was detected, but the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained. All the information presented in this document will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this globally important group of fishes.

}, keywords = {Conservation biology, Ecology, Genetics, Mexican trout, Microsatellites, Oncorhynchus, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ks0b0sm}, author = {Abad{\'\i}a-Cardoso, Alicia} } @booklet {24, title = {How the trout climbed San Pedro Martir mountain, Baja California}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {11}, abstract = {

reports how he moved native trout all over the San Pedro Martir of Baja California, Mexico starting in about 1929. Unpublished and undated typewritten ms, provided to Lloyd Findley by Peter Moyle in August 2014.

}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, author = {Utt, C.E.} } @article {23, title = {Genetic introgression of cultured rainbow trout in the Mexican native trout complex}, journal = {Conservation Genetics}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/10/01/}, pages = {1063 - 1071}, abstract = {

The Mexican native trout complex is the group of salmonids that naturally has the southernmost distribution in the world. Despite its unique status and evidence of more than 13 distinct lineages, there are only two described species (Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni and O. chrysogaster). These fishes are threatened by environmental and anthropogenic factors, most notably the introduction of the exotic species O. mykiss (rainbow trout) for aquaculture. Here we applied population genetics analysis in 1,017 wild and cultured trout to understand the extent of genetic introgression of rainbow trout in Mexican native trout. Present results indicate a high degree of introgression and genetic admixture among introduced rainbow trout and some populations of Mexican native trout, exposing them to loss of genetic diversity. Thus, introduction of exotic trout for aquaculture purposes must be strictly regulated or avoided and we advise the use of native trout for aquaculture.

}, keywords = {Genetic hybridization, genetic introgression, Mexican trout, Northwestern Mexico, rainbow trout, Sierra Madre Occidental, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {1566-0621}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0599-7}, author = {Escalante, MarcoA. and Garc{\'\i}a-De-Le{\'o}n, FranciscoJ. and Dillman, CaseyB. and de los Santos Camarillo, Anabelia and George, Anna and de los A. Barriga-Sosa, Irene and Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and Mayden, RichardL. and Manel, St{\'e}phanie} } @mastersthesis {12, title = {Revisiting Aldo Leopold{\textquoteright}s "Perfect" Land Health: Conservation and Development in Mexico{\textquoteright}s Rio Gavilan}, year = {2004}, note = {

Forbes, William. Revisiting Aldo Leopold{\textquoteright}s "Perfect" Land Health: Conservation and Development in Mexico{\textquoteright}s Rio Gavilan. Denton, Texas. UNT Digital Library. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4708/. Accessed March 13, 2010.

}, month = {2004///}, pages = {299}, school = {University of North Texas}, address = {Denton, Texas}, abstract = {The Rio Gavilan watershed, located in Mexico {\textquoteright}s northern Sierra Madre Occidental , has significance in conservation history. Upon visiting the remote, largely un-developed watershed during two hunting trips in the 1930s, renowned conservationist Aldo Leopold thought it was the best picture of land health he had seen. His main indicators of healthy land were slow water runoff rates regulating erosion and historical predator-prey relationships. The visits confirmed Leopold{\textquoteright}s concept of land health, inspired many of his essays, and helped shape his land ethic. Leopold proposed the area as a control site to research healthy land throughout North America . The proposal never went forward and the area has since been more intensively logged and grazed. This dissertation research used extensive literature review, archives, oral histories, citizen surveys, and rapid assessment of forest, rangeland, riparian, and socioeconomic health to assess impacts of past cultures and update the area{\textquoteright}s land health status. Projects that could restore land health, such as linked eco-tourism, forest density reduction, and rotational grazing, were assessed for feasibility. Recent critiques of Leopold{\textquoteright}s land ethic were also reviewed. Results indicate most pre-1940s impacts were light, current land health status is moderate, and local interest exists in restoring land health. Many fish and wildlife populations are reduced, temporarily stabilized, but still at risk. Soil and riverbed erosion, service sector economics, and (at some ridge-top sites) forest density are the land health indicators in worst condition. Land health restoration projects are feasible.}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Mexican trout, Rio Yaqui, trout}, author = {Forbes, William} } @article {14, title = {Following in Leopold{\textquoteright}s Footsteps: Revisiting and Restoring the Rio Gavilan Watershed}, journal = {Ecological Rest.}, volume = {24}, year = {2006}, note = {10.3368/er.24.1.25}, month = {2006/01/01/}, pages = {25 - 31}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Mexican trout, Rio Yaqui, riparian, Sierra Madre Occidental, Yaqui}, url = {http://er.uwpress.org}, author = {Fleming, William and Forbes, William} } @book {17, title = {Peces Dulceacu{\'\i}colas de M{\'e}xico}, year = {2009}, month = {2009///}, pages = {559}, publisher = {Comisi{\'o}n Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad}, organization = {Comisi{\'o}n Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad}, address = {Mexico, D.F.}, keywords = {Mexican trout}, isbn = {978-607-7607-20-5}, author = {Miller, Robert R. and Minckley, W.L. and Norris, Steven M.} } @book {18, title = {Trout and Salmon of North America}, year = {2010}, month = {2010/07/06/}, pages = {376}, publisher = {Simon and Schuster}, organization = {Simon and Schuster}, abstract = {This beautiful and definitive guide brings together the world{\textquoteright}s lead leading expert on North American trout and salmon, Robert Behnke, and the foremost illustrator in the field, Joseph Tomelleri.North America is graced with the greatest diversity of trout and salmon on earth. From tiny brook trout in mountain streams of the Northeast, to cutthroat trout in the rivers of the Rockies, to Chinook salmon of the Pacific, the continent is home to more than 70 types of trout and salmon. How this came to be, how they are related, and what makes them unique -- and so breathtaking -- is the story of Trout and Salmon of North America.The more than 100 illustrations of trout and salmon by Joseph Tomelleri showcased here exhibit a genius for detail, coloration, and proportion. Each portrait is made from field notes, streamside observations, photographs, and specimens collected by the artist. The result is a set of the most accurate and stunning illustrations of fish ever created. Robert Behnke has distilled 50 years of his research and writing about trout and salmon in completing this book. No one understands better than Behnke the diversity and conservation issues concerning these fishes or communicates so lucidly the biological wonders and complexities of their particular beauty.Also included are more than 40 richly detailed maps that clearly show the ranges of populations of trout and salmon throughout North America.An irresistible delight for anyone who appreciates natural history, Trout and Salmon of North America is a master guide to the natural elegance of our native fishes.}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Nature / Animals / Fish, Nature / Reference, Sports \& Recreation / Fishing}, isbn = {9781451603552}, author = {Behnke, Robert} } @booklet {19, title = {Chasing Rainbows}, howpublished = {Conservation magazine}, year = {2011}, month = {2011/11/22/}, abstract = {Lured by a utopian vision of nature, government agencies for decades carpet-bombed thousands of remote mountain lakes with billions of trout. Now, they{\textquoteright}re determined to undo the damage the caused. By Anders Halverson.}, keywords = {Mexican trout}, url = {http://conservationmagazine.org/2011/11/chasing-rainbows/}, author = {Halverson, Anders} } @book {20, title = {Cat{\'a}logo de los Peces Dulceacu{\'\i}colas de Baja California Sur}, year = {2012}, month = {2012///}, pages = {169}, publisher = {Instituto Nacional de Ecolog{\'\i}a (INE-Semarnat), M{\'e}xico, D.F.}, organization = {Instituto Nacional de Ecolog{\'\i}a (INE-Semarnat), M{\'e}xico, D.F.}, address = {D.F., M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {

A pesar de que Baja California Sur (BCS) es tipificada como una regi\ón\árida y con pocas corrientes epicontinentales en sus vertientes Pac\ífico y Golfo de California (Tamayo, 1962), existen numerosos cuerpos de agua perennes conocidos como \“oasis\” que representan eocosistemas mes\ófilos relictos de afinidad subtropical (Axelrod, 1948, 1979; Grismer y McGuire, 1993). Estos oasis son habitados por peces con diferentes historias biogeogr\áficas y evolutivas, siendo escenarios de endemismos aut\óctonos (Fundulus lima y Gobiesox juniperoserrai) o de colonizaci\ón v\ía fluvial por especies eurihalinas de estirpe marina (Follett, 1960; Espinosa P\érez y Castro-Aguirre, 1996; Ruiz-Campos et al., 2003). En t\érminos ecogeogr\áficos, no hay peces dulceacu\ícolas de origen primario o secundario en BCS (Follett, 1960) y varios factores causales han sido propuestos para explicar tal situaci\ón: (1) discontinuidad paleohidrol\ógica entre los arroyos del sur de California y de la pen\ínsula de Baja California durante la disminuci\ón del nivel del mar en el Pleistoceno tard\ío; (2) la prolongada aridez prevaleciente desde el inicio del Holoceno ha frenado la dispersi\ón de peces por v\ía estuarina a trav\és de la costa peninsular; (3) lo abrupto de gran parte de la costa oriental ha evitado la formaci\ón de lagunas y complicado la dispersi\ón; y (4) el Golfo de California act\úa como una barrera para la entrada de peces dulceacu\ícolas desde Mesoam\érica. ● Peces dulceacu\ícolas de Baja California Sur Follett (1960) report\ó 21 especies dulceacu\ícolas nativas para BCS, sin ning\ún caso de introducci\ón de especies ex\óticas. Posteriormente, Ruiz-Campos y Contreras-Balderas (1987) incrementaron este n\úmero a 28, aportando primeros registros de tres especies perif\éricas espor\ádicas (Harengula thrissina, Hypsopsetta guttulata y Achirus mazatlanus) y tres ex\óticas (Gambusia affinis, Poecilia reticulata y Xiphophorus maculatus). Muchos de los registros referidos por ambos estudios fueron procedentes de las partes bajas de los r\íos Mueleg\é y San Jos\é del Cabo, pero sin evidencia

}, keywords = {Mexican trout}, isbn = {978-607-7908-65-4}, url = {http://www2.ine.gob.mx/publicaciones/consultaPublicacion.html?id_pub=659}, author = {Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio} } @article {13, title = {Conservation of the Conchos Trout: a white paper on history of its discovery, report on its status, and an urgent plea for action}, year = {2006}, note = {

Authors listed in alphabetical order.

Authors listed in alphabetical order.

}, month = {2006/04/13/}, pages = {1 - 11}, address = {University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA}, abstract = {

A broad-scale survey of potential trout habitats in upper tributaries of the R\ío Conchos of Chihuahua, M\éxico resulted in the re-discovery in 2005 of a long-lost native, endemic, and now endangered, undescribed trout species that we call the \"Conchos Trout.\" We are currently in the process of scientifically describing this rare trout, the only native Mexican trout known from an Atlantic drainage. Our extensive field efforts to date clearly indicate that this species was formerly much more widely distributed historically. Though surveys should continue, our extensive field surveys found only one small isolated and extremely vulnerable population, leaving us less than optimistic that many other, if any, additional populations will be found. Persistence of this new critically endangered endemic Conchos Trout clearly requires rapid conservation action. Our consensus expert opinion is that we cannot over-emphasize the urgency of protection for this critically endangered population of this unique trout, and so we have produced this \"white paper\" in hopes that it might encourage others to join us in initiating appropriate conservation programs. The potentially viable population is restricted to a short reach of a very small stream where it and another newly discovered, undescribed fish species, a sucker (and likely another unique taxon), could be relatively easily protected, studied and managed. Additionally, adjoining arroyos where the species recently occurred offer the possibility of restoring native fish populations to them following appropriate protection and habitat restoration efforts. All members of our highly qualified and diversely specialized, binational \"Truchas Mexicanas\" team stand prepared to join collaborators and invest personal resources in hands-on actions to help this new species persist. We recommend immediate establishment of a small reserve centered around currently occupied habitat and adjacent streams having suitable habitat, combined with education and compensation of local residents for their cooperation with reserve management. We recognize that we are largely ignorant of the local political and cultural systems via which conservation actions will have to proceed and are limited with regard to our ability to raise funds. We thus hope that readers of this white paper will add their financial and in-kind support and additional expertise to help us conserve the Conchos Trout!

}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Conchos, conservation, endangered, Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22233}, author = {Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Cutter, R. and de Los Santos, A.B. and Espinosa-P{\'e}rez, H. and Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n, F.J. and Hendrickson, Dean A. and Kuhajda, B.R. and Mayden, Richard L. and Neely, D.A. and Pfeifer, Frank and Propst, David L. and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Tomelleri, J.R. and Varela-Romero, Alejandro} } @article {16, title = {Mitochondrial haplotype variation in wild trout populations (Teleostei: Salmonidae) from northwestern Mexico}, journal = {Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {18}, year = {2008}, month = {2008///}, pages = {33 - 45}, abstract = {

The variation and composition of Mexican wild trout mitochondrial DNA haplotypes throughout northwestern Mexico was determined by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP), of one region of mitochondrial DNA between cytochrome b and the D-loop. This analysis was based on 261 specimens taken in 12 basins and four hatcheries from northwestern Mexico. From 23 haplotypes, 15 wild trout haplotypes were identified and classified in four groups: (1) one restricted to Nelson\&$\#$39;s trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni), (2) four restricted to R\¡o Mayo and R\¡oYaqui trout (O. mykiss sspp.), (3) six to Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster) with two subgroups, and (4) one exclusive to R\¡o Piaxtla trout. Distributions of native haplotypes broadly overlap the distribution of non-native hatchery rainbow trout reflecting the historical management of introductions of exotic rainbow trout and the artificial transference of these trout among basins.

}, keywords = {Chihuahua, Conchos, Cytochrome b, endangered, Mayo, Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout, Salmonidae, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {⬚d:\users\dean_h\reprints in pdf or other\Camarena_2008_Mt_haplotype_Mexican_trout.pdf⬚}, author = {Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Rosa-V{\'e}lez, Jorge and Mayden, Richard L. and Hendrickson, Dean A. and Varela-Romero, Alejandro and Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n, Francisco J.} } @article {21, title = {Isolation and characterization of 17 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Needham \& Gard 1964) derived from 454 pyrosequencing}, journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/05/14/}, pages = {1009 - 1012}, abstract = {

We present seventeen microsatellite loci developed for the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster through GS-FLX 454 pyrosequencing. We selected 34 primer pairs tested on 19 trout specimens from The Rio Verde (Rio Fuerte Bain) and we tested cross amplification on 35 trout specimens collected in seven hydrological basins from the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra San Pedro M\ártir, as well as five hatchery reared Oncorhynchus mykiss. We observed medium and high genetic variation among loci (mean number of alleles per locus = 8.0, SD = 2.92; mean H O = 0.65, SD = 0.27). These loci are the first to be characterized explicitly for O. chrysogaster and they are expected to be useful for population studies in this species and as reference for species delimitation.

}, keywords = {Mexican golden trout, Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {1877-7252, 1877-7260}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12686-013-9956-y}, author = {Garc{\'\i}a-De-Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. and Lozano-Garza, O. Adri{\'a}n and Mayden, Richard L. and Delgado-Vega, Rigoberto and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Escalante-S{\'a}nchez, Marco A. and Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and R{\'\i}o-Portilla, Miguel {\'A}ngel Del and Barriga-Sosa, Irene de los A. and Arcos-Ortega, Guadalupe Fabiola and Paniagua-Ch{\'a}vez, Carmen} } @inbook {15, title = {Conservation of Mexican native trout and the discovery, status, protection and recovery of the Conchos trout, the first native Oncorhynchus of the Atlantic drainage in Mexico}, booktitle = {Studies of North American Desert Fishes in Honor of E. P. (Phil) Pister, Conservationist}, year = {2007}, note = {

d:\users\dean_h\reprints in pdf or other\Hendrickson_etal_2007_conservation_Mexican_trout.pdf

}, month = {2007///}, pages = {162 - 201}, publisher = {Direcci{\'o}n de Publicaciones, Universidad Aut{\'o}noma de Nuevo Le{\'o}n, Facultad de Ciencias Biol{\'o}gicas}, organization = {Direcci{\'o}n de Publicaciones, Universidad Aut{\'o}noma de Nuevo Le{\'o}n, Facultad de Ciencias Biol{\'o}gicas}, address = {Monterrey, Nuevo Le{\'o}n, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {

The Northwestern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico is a rugged mountain range covering portions of Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango and Sinaloa, and is drained by multiple Pacific Slope Rivers to the west and the Casas Grandes, Conchos, and Nazas to the east. The overall area is topographically, climatically and biotically diverse, ranging from endorheic basins (Casas Grandes) to mountainous areas elevations up to 3348 m, average mean temperatures from 10-20\°C and precipitation from 250- 1100 mm/yr. The region is also geological complex that, combined with these other variables, provides a great diversity of both aquatic and terrestrial habitats conducive to both biotic endemicity and diversity. The overall diversity of the region has contribiited to the recent listing of this region by Conservation International as one of six new high-priority biodiversity hotspots. Our understanding of the aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity of this region, however, is poor and in urgent need of rapid investigation by collaborative communities. The combination of an incredibly rugged landscape, drug and bandit activities and indigenous peoples that have not always been welcoming to visitors has resulted in a general paucity of roads in the region, and the lack of access has limited inventory studies. Recently, however, access to the region has changed dramatically and many of the areas are now accessible enough for logging, mining, and agriculture practices, all exerting extreme pressures in some areas on the biodiversity. In addition to human-induced changes to these diverse ecosystems, impacts of invasive aquatic species are becoming more and more apparent, and the potential for severely reducing population sizes of species or their extirpation or extinction is real. While several invasive or exotic species are identified as potentially destructive to these communities, the exotic Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that is derived from hatcheries or culture facilities within the region represents one of the most critical threats to the aquatic and semi-aquatic biodiversity. The native trout of mainland Mexico represent the southern- most salmonids, and are at imminent risk of introgression and/or replacement by feral Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our recent survey efforts have expanded the known diversity and ranges of each of several distinct forms, which we feel represent valid species. We discuss our discovery of multiple new species from the Sierra Madre Occidental and focus on a new species of trout restricted to the upper Conchos drainage, the first native species of Oncorhynchus known to occupy the Atlantic Slope in Mexico. Many of these taxa are restricted to small areas of intact habitat in headwater areas of high-elevation streams, and are at risk from a suite of human-associated perturbations, emerging diseases, and introduced species. These fishes occupy unique habitats, and represent a diverse portion of the Mexican montane ichthyofauna. The habitats on which they depend support a wide range of other aquatic organisms, most of which are grossly understudied. The discovery of the Conchos Trout derived primarily by GARP niche modeling of a subset of localities of previously sampled undescribed native Mexican trout, provides only a snapshot of the biodiversity awaiting to be discovered in this region. The rugged landscape of the Sierra Madre Occidental simply precludes routine sampling at easily accesible locations of streams and most sampling locations require time-intensive access. In an effort to rapidly assess the biodiversity of rivers of this region we employed this method to aid in predicting the most suitable and highly probable Mexican trout niches in the region. This method offered highly efficient and powerful results that not only predicted the occurrence of a previously unknown trout in the upper Rio Conchos but also provided excellent predictions of available habitats in drainages where previously unknown trout have been discovered by the Truchas Mexicanas team in the last nine years. Multiple threats exist to the biodiversity of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental, including uncontrolled introductions of exotic and invasive species, emerging diseases such as whirling disease, Myxobolus cerebralis, infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), iridioviruses and pathogenic water mold, Saprolegnia ferax, land-use practices leading to habitat degradation via overgrazing, logging, deforestation and road construction, increasing human population growth, over-fishing or overharvesting of aquatic resources and global climate cliange reducing surface and ground water in the area and creating environments more conducive to the spread of invasive species, congregated and dense human populations, and emerging diseases. Immediate actions need to be developed to aid in public education as to the threats to these ecosystems, protection of areas, assessment of diversity, and sustainable development throughout the region that incorporates a likely highly successful ecotourism system for the region.

}, keywords = {Atlantic, Chihuahua, conservation, desert, Durango, Ecosystem, fishes, Mexican trout, MEXICO, Oncorhynchus, recovery, Rio Conchos, Sinaloa, Sonora, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {970-694-336-6}, author = {Hendrickson, Dean A. and Neely, David A. and Mayden, Richard L. and Anderson, K. and Brooks, James E. and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Cutter, Ralph F. and Cutter, Lisa and De Los Santos Camarillo, Ana Belia and Ernsting, Guy W. and Espinosa-P{\'e}rez, H{\'e}ctor and Findley, Lloyd T. and Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. and George, A.L. and Hatch, John and Kuhajda, Bernanrd R. and Mayden, Kyle E. and McNyset, Kristina M. and Nielsen, Jennifer L. and Pfeiffer, Frank W. and Propst, David L. and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and St.Clair, E. and Tomelleri, Joseph R. and Varela-Romero, Alejandro}, editor = {Lozano-Vilano, Ma. de Lourdes and Contreras-Balderas, Armando J.} } @article {2, title = {Trail of the Mexican trout (Roads to Discovery)}, journal = {Pacific Discovery}, volume = {8(4)}, year = {1955}, month = {1955///}, pages = {18 - 24}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, author = {Needham, P.R.} } @article {4, title = {New horizons in stocking hatchery trout}, journal = {Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference}, volume = {24}, year = {1959}, month = {1959///}, pages = {395 - 407}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, author = {Needham, P.R.} } @article {8, title = {Repoblaci{\'o}n natural por trucha arcoiris Salmo gairdneri nelsoni en un transecto del Arroyo San Pedro M{\'a}rtir, Baja California, M{\'e}xico}, journal = {Southwestern Naturalist}, volume = {34(4)}, year = {1989}, month = {1989///}, pages = {552 - 556}, keywords = {Baja California, Mexican trout}, author = {Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio} } @article {9, title = {Fishes of North America endangered, threatened or of special concern: 1989}, journal = {Fisheries (American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA)}, volume = {14}, year = {1989}, month = {1989///}, pages = {2 - 20}, keywords = {endangered, Mexican trout}, author = {Williams, J.E. and Johnson, J. and Hendrickson, Dean A. and Contreras-Balderas, Salvador and Williams, J.D. and Navarro-Mendoza, M. and McAllister, D.E. and Deacon, J.E.} } @article {10, title = {Rio Grande cutthroat trout in Texas}, journal = {Texas Journal of Science}, volume = {43}, year = {1991}, month = {1991///}, pages = {405 - 410}, abstract = {

Historic records provide evidence that Rio Grande cutthroat trout(Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis) were indigenous to some Texas streams. This information includes railroad survey reports and several accounts in a major sporting publication of the late 1800s, including a drawing with color description. Published accounts continued through the mid-1900s, after which man\&$\#$39;s activities made these streams unsuitable for trout survival.

}, keywords = {Fishes of Texas, Mexican trout, O. clarkii virginalis, trout}, author = {Garrett, Gary P. and Matlock, Gary C.} } @article {6, title = {Fishes of the R{\'\i}o Yaqui Basin, M{\'e}xico and United States}, journal = {Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science}, volume = {15}, year = {1980}, month = {1980///}, pages = {65 - 106}, keywords = {Ictalurus pricei, Mexican trout}, isbn = {01938509}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40025038}, author = {Hendrickson, Dean A. and Minckley, W. L. and Miller, Robert R. and Siebart, Darrel J. and Minckley, Patricia Haddock} } @article {3, title = {Rainbow trout in Mexico and California with notes on the cutthroat series}, journal = {University of California Publications in Zoology}, volume = {67(1)}, year = {1959}, month = {1959///}, pages = {1 - 124}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, author = {Needham, P.R. and Gard, R.} } @article {5, title = {A New Trout from Central Mexico: Salmo chrysogaster, the Mexican Golden Trout}, journal = {Copeia}, volume = {1964}, year = {1964}, month = {1964/03/26/}, pages = {169 - 173}, abstract = {

In August 1952, a beautiful, golden-coloredtrout was collected in the Rio Verde near Guadalupe y Calvo in southwestern Chihuahua. This trout was described, but not named, by Needham and Gard (1959). We did not name it at that time because we had little information concerning the amount of variability found in western North American members of the genus Salmo throughout its entire range. Before this trout was named we wanted to be confident that its distinctive characters had a genetic basis and were not mainly phenotypic expressions of local environmental phenomena. The compilation of data by Needham and Behnke (unpublished) on more than 2,000 specimens of the genus Salmo from western North America, collected from virtually their entire native range, has demonstrated that, indeed, the Mexican golden trout is a distinct group and worthy of taxonomic recognition. Taxonomic methods used are essentially those listed in Hubbs and Lagler (1949) with the modifications noted in Needham and Gard (1959).

}, keywords = {Mexican golden trout, Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1440847}, author = {Needham, Paul R. and Gard, Richard} }