@mastersthesis {186, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n y Caracterizaci{\'o}n Ambiental del {\'A}rea de Distribuci{\'o}n Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los R{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/01//}, pages = {1-74}, school = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n en Alimentaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo, A.C.}, address = {Mazatl{\'a}n, Sinaloa, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {Regarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa, Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and Culiac{\'a}n rivers, bounded at altitudes >= 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species, extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT, compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT. Con relaci{\'o}n a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salm{\'o}nido nativo de M{\'e}xico cuya distribuci{\'o}n se ha restringido a las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello, el presente estudio se centr{\'o} en el modelado de la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de esta especie en las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, acotadas a altitudes >= 1500 msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relaci{\'o}n a la distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie. Dentro de esta {\'a}rea se cuenta con pocos registros hist{\'o}ricos de presencia de la especie, ampli{\'a}ndose con el presente estudio con 11 registros nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigaci{\'o}n. La informaci{\'o}n ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las variables bioclim{\'a}ticas de WorldClim y el {\'I}ndice Compuesto Topogr{\'a}fico del proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha informaci{\'o}n y con los registros de la especie, se model{\'o} la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de la especie con los m{\'e}todos BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en com{\'u}n relacionan datos de presencia (posici{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales. Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribuci{\'o}n por arriba de los 1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como l{\'\i}mite altitudinal, sin embargo existen diferencias en cuanto a la extensi{\'o}n y {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n final, existiendo mayor afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de los diferentes m{\'e}todos de modelaci{\'o}n mencionados anteriormente se aplic{\'o} un m{\'e}todo estad{\'\i}stico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validaci{\'o}n de los modelos coloca a GARP como el m{\'e}todo que presenta un mayor {\'e}xito predictivo, seguido por MAXENT. }, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, species distribution modelling}, author = {Ram{\'\i}rez-Huerta, Alejandro Luis} } @article {177, title = {The interplay of riverscape features and exotic introgression on the genetic structure of the Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster), a simulation approach}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {45}, year = {2018}, month = {2018///}, pages = {1500 - 1514}, abstract = {Aim We explored the factors between riverscape features and exotic introgression of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that drive the current genetic structure in the endemic Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) using a riverscape genetics simulator. Location Sierra Madre Occidental, Northwest Mexico, North America. Methods We created a system model for Mexican golden trout to test various scenarios for the effect of riverscape resistance and rainbow trout introgression on the native genetic structure of the Mexican golden trout. Individual genotypes were used to initialize the model and were based upon empirical allele frequencies from three genetically and spatially distinct groups in the study area. The geographical location of the simulated populations was defined using a species distribution model. We included hypotheses for movement of riverine distance and riverscape resistance. We evaluated model performance by conducting population and landscape genetics analyses on the simulation outputs. Results The most plausible scenario included riverscape resistance without introgression, which presented a spatial genetic structure matching the observed riverscape genetic structure and fitting expected general life-history patterns for high elevation trout streams. In addition, temperature, precipitation, hydrology and topography were the most important variables influencing species occurrence and dispersal. Main conclusion This work presents one of the first empirically derived simulation studies of introgression. It highlights the importance of considering riverscape resistance (i.e. hydroclimatic and topographical gradient effects) in models of spatial genetic structure and introgression. Moreover, our modelling suggests that what we characterize as riverscape resistance is acting as a boundary against exotic introgression. The results of this study could help to develop management strategies that preserve native gene pools.}, keywords = {CDMetaPOP, exotic trout, Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, rainbow trout, riverscape genetics, species distribution modelling, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {1365-2699}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jbi.13246}, author = {Escalante, Marco Alejandro and Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. Garc{\'\i}a-De and Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and Landguth, Erin and Manel, St{\'e}phanie} } @mastersthesis {170, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n y Caracterizaci{\'o}n Ambiental del {\'A}rea de Distribuci{\'o}n Potencial de Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964) en las Cuencas de los R{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/01//}, pages = {1-74}, school = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n en Alimentaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo, A.C.}, address = {Mazatl{\'a}n, Sinaloa, M{\'e}xico}, abstract = {Regarding the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salmonid nativeto Mexico which distribution has been restricted to river basins Fuerte, Sinaloa, Culiacan in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). However, this study focused on modeling the potential distribution of this species in the basins of Sinaloa and Culiac{\'a}n rivers, bounded at altitudes >= 1500 m, being little studied in relation to the distribution of this species. There are few historical records of the species, extending to the present study with 11 new records obtained in four samples taken during the investigation. The environmental information required for the modeling process comes from the bioclimatic variables WorldClim and Compound Topographic Index HYDRO1k project. Based on this information and the records of the species, the potential distribution of the species with BIOCLIM, GARP and MAXENT methods that relate common occurrence data (geographical location) of one species with the set of environmental variables was modeled. The three models agree in locating distribution sites above 1500 m, which is considered as altitudinal limit, however there are differences in the extent and final distribution area, having higher affinity to the results obtained with GARP and MAXENT, compared with results generated with BIOCLIM. To assess the predictive ability of different modeling methods mentioned before a statistical method known as Jackknife resampling, which is appropriate when you have fewer than 25 records of occurrence was applied. The model validation GARP places as the method has a higher predictive success, followed by MAXENT. Con relaci{\'o}n a la trucha dorada mexicana Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, salm{\'o}nido nativo de M{\'e}xico cuya distribuci{\'o}n se ha restringido a las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Fuerte, Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, en la Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). A pesar de ello, el presente estudio se centr{\'o} en el modelado de la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de esta especie en las cuencas de los r{\'\i}os Sinaloa y Culiac{\'a}n, acotadas a altitudes >= 1500 msnm, por estar escasamente estudiadas con relaci{\'o}n a la distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie. Dentro de esta {\'a}rea se cuenta con pocos registros hist{\'o}ricos de presencia de la especie, ampli{\'a}ndose con el presente estudio con 11 registros nuevos obtenidos en cuatro muestreos realizadas durante la investigaci{\'o}n. La informaci{\'o}n ambiental requerida para el proceso de modelado procede de las variables bioclim{\'a}ticas de WorldClim y el {\'I}ndice Compuesto Topogr{\'a}fico del proyecto HYDRO1k. Con base en dicha informaci{\'o}n y con los registros de la especie, se model{\'o} la distribuci{\'o}n potencial de la especie con los m{\'e}todos BIOCLIM, GARP y MAXENT, que en com{\'u}n relacionan datos de presencia (posici{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica) de una especie con el conjunto de variables ambientales. Los tres modelos coinciden en ubicar los sitios de distribuci{\'o}n por arriba de los 1500 msnm, que se ha considerado como l{\'\i}mite altitudinal, sin embargo existen diferencias en cuanto a la extensi{\'o}n y {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n final, existiendo mayor afinidad en los resultados obtenidos con GARP y MAXENT, comparativamente con los resultados generados con BIOCLIM. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de los diferentes m{\'e}todos de modelaci{\'o}n mencionados anteriormente se aplic{\'o} un m{\'e}todo estad{\'\i}stico de remuestreo conocido como Jackknife, el cual es apropiado cuando se tiene menos de 25 registros de ocurrencia. La validaci{\'o}n de los modelos coloca a GARP como el m{\'e}todo que presenta un mayor {\'e}xito predictivo, seguido por MAXENT. }, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, species distribution modelling}, author = {Ram{\'\i}rez-Huerta, Alejandro Luis} } @article {157, title = {Modelaci{\'o}n de la distribuci{\'o}n de truchas nativas de la Sierra Madre Occidental y su relaci{\'o}n con la estructura del paisaje adyacente}, journal = {GBIF.org}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/03/30/}, abstract = {El proyecto se centra en el estudio de truchas nativas de M{\'e}xico, que se distribuyen en la Sierra Madre Occidental. Se reconoce la existencia de la especie Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham y Gard, 1964), denominada Trucha dorada mexicana (PISCES: Salmonidae), misma que est{\'a} reportada como especie end{\'e}mica amenazada en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y como especie vulnerable en CITES (Conference on International Trade in Endangered Species). La situaci{\'o}n de riesgo es a{\'u}n m{\'a}s grave si se considera que estudios recientes indican que por la heterogeneidad gen{\'e}tica de este complejo de peces, es posible la identificaci{\'o}n de nuevas especies o subespecies de truchas nativas (Hendrickson et al., 2002, Hendrickson et al., 2006). Considerando lo anterior y tomando en cuenta que existen algunas iniciativas (particularmente realizadas por acad{\'e}micos estadounidenses y mexicanos), enfocadas al estudio sistem{\'a}tico y gen{\'e}tico de este grupo de peces, se propone complementarlas con el an{\'a}lisis espacial del paisaje del {\'a}rea de distribuci{\'o}n potencial de O. chrysogaster. Para ello se analizar{\'a}n los registros hist{\'o}ricos, los datos existentes con referencia geogr{\'a}fica espec{\'\i}fica y adicionalmente los datos que se generen a partir de este proyecto, para producir un modelo de distribuci{\'o}n de esta especie en la Sierra Madre Occidental. Dado el escaso registro con que se cuenta se considera indispensable la colecta con fines de ampliar dicho registro, pero particularmente con la intenci{\'o}n de validar en lo posible el modelo que se genere. Se aplicar{\'a}n t{\'e}cnicas de percepci{\'o}n remota que permitir{\'a}n identificar las caracter{\'\i}sticas ambientales de las localidades de registro (red hidr{\'a}ulica, altitud, pendiente, tipos de cobertura) y que podr{\'a}n ser incorporadas a un sistema de informaci{\'o}n geogr{\'a}fica (SIG), conjuntamente con informaci{\'o}n auxiliar (temperaturas promedio, precipitaci{\'o}n, geolog{\'\i}a, etc.). La identificaci{\'o}n de estas caracter{\'\i}sticas, en conjunto con datos de la presencia/ausencia de las truchas permitir{\'a} generar mapas de susceptibilidad de las {\'a}reas de distribuci{\'o}n de estas especies por medio de modelos del nicho ecol{\'o}gico, por ejemplo MAXENT y Mahalanobis.}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster}, url = {https://www.gbif.org/dataset/90711430-4260-422f-aeb2-26ce7f72f56c}, author = {Ruiz Luna, Arturo} } @article {110, title = {SGER: Biodiversity of Native Mexican Trout (Genus Oncorhynchus spp.) and The Impending Treat of Their Demise by The Exotic Rainbow Trout O. mykiss gairdneri (Teleostei: Salmonidae). DEB 0240184}, year = {2006}, month = {2006///}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {DEB 0240184}, url = {http://bio.slu.edu/mayden/truchas/NSF_trout_final_report.pdf}, author = {Mayden, Richard L.} } @article {21, title = {Isolation and characterization of 17 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Needham \& Gard 1964) derived from 454 pyrosequencing}, journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/05/14/}, pages = {1009 - 1012}, abstract = {

We present seventeen microsatellite loci developed for the Mexican golden trout Oncorhynchus chrysogaster through GS-FLX 454 pyrosequencing. We selected 34 primer pairs tested on 19 trout specimens from The Rio Verde (Rio Fuerte Bain) and we tested cross amplification on 35 trout specimens collected in seven hydrological basins from the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra San Pedro M\ártir, as well as five hatchery reared Oncorhynchus mykiss. We observed medium and high genetic variation among loci (mean number of alleles per locus = 8.0, SD = 2.92; mean H O = 0.65, SD = 0.27). These loci are the first to be characterized explicitly for O. chrysogaster and they are expected to be useful for population studies in this species and as reference for species delimitation.

}, keywords = {Mexican golden trout, Mexican trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, Sierra Madre Occidental, Truchas Mexicanas}, isbn = {1877-7252, 1877-7260}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12686-013-9956-y}, author = {Garc{\'\i}a-De-Le{\'o}n, Francisco J. and Lozano-Garza, O. Adri{\'a}n and Mayden, Richard L. and Delgado-Vega, Rigoberto and Camarena-Rosales, Faustino and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Escalante-S{\'a}nchez, Marco A. and Ruiz-Luna, Arturo and R{\'\i}o-Portilla, Miguel {\'A}ngel Del and Barriga-Sosa, Irene de los A. and Arcos-Ortega, Guadalupe Fabiola and Paniagua-Ch{\'a}vez, Carmen} } @article {3, title = {Rainbow trout in Mexico and California with notes on the cutthroat series}, journal = {University of California Publications in Zoology}, volume = {67(1)}, year = {1959}, month = {1959///}, pages = {1 - 124}, keywords = {Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, author = {Needham, P.R. and Gard, R.} } @article {5, title = {A New Trout from Central Mexico: Salmo chrysogaster, the Mexican Golden Trout}, journal = {Copeia}, volume = {1964}, year = {1964}, month = {1964/03/26/}, pages = {169 - 173}, abstract = {

In August 1952, a beautiful, golden-coloredtrout was collected in the Rio Verde near Guadalupe y Calvo in southwestern Chihuahua. This trout was described, but not named, by Needham and Gard (1959). We did not name it at that time because we had little information concerning the amount of variability found in western North American members of the genus Salmo throughout its entire range. Before this trout was named we wanted to be confident that its distinctive characters had a genetic basis and were not mainly phenotypic expressions of local environmental phenomena. The compilation of data by Needham and Behnke (unpublished) on more than 2,000 specimens of the genus Salmo from western North America, collected from virtually their entire native range, has demonstrated that, indeed, the Mexican golden trout is a distinct group and worthy of taxonomic recognition. Taxonomic methods used are essentially those listed in Hubbs and Lagler (1949) with the modifications noted in Needham and Gard (1959).

}, keywords = {Mexican golden trout, Mexican trout, Truchas Mexicanas}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1440847}, author = {Needham, Paul R. and Gard, Richard} } @inbook {7, title = {Geography of western North American freshwater fishes: description and relations to intracontinental tectonism}, booktitle = {Zoogeography of Western North American Freshwater Fishes}, year = {1986}, month = {1986///}, pages = {519 - 613}, publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, organization = {John Wiley and Sons}, address = {New York, NY}, author = {Minckley, W.L. and Hendrickson, Dean A. and Bond, C.E.}, editor = {Hocutt, C.H. and Wiley, E.O.} } @article {11, title = {Mexican native trouts: a review of their history and current systematic and conservation status}, journal = {Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {12(2002)}, year = {2003}, month = {2003///}, pages = {273 - 316}, abstract = {

While biologists have been aware of the existence of native Mexican trouts for over a century, they have received little study. The few early studies that did much more than mention their existence began in the 1930s and continued into the early 1960s, focusing primarily on distributional surveys and taxonomic analyses. Starting in the 1980s the Baja California rainbow trout became the subject of more detailed studies, but very little remains known of mainland trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental. We review earlier studies and report on our own collections and observations made between 1975 and 2000. We present newly discovered historical evidence that leads us to conclude that a {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}lost\&$\#$39;\&$\#$39; cutthroat trout, a lineage not previously known from Mexico, was collected more than a century ago from headwaters of the R\¡o Conchos (a major tributary of the Rio Grande (= R\¡o Bravo)), a basin not previously considered to harbor a native trout. We review the last century of regional natural resource management and discuss our own observations of trout habitats. Impacts of logging, road building and overgrazing are widespread and expanding. Many streams suffer from heavy erosion, siltation and contamination, and though long-term hydrologic data are generally not available, there is evidence of decreased discharge in many streams. These problems appear related to region-wide land management practices as well as recent regional drought. Trout culture operations using exotic rainbow trout have rapidly proliferated throughout the region, threatening genetic introgression and/or competition with native forms and predation on them. Knowledge of distribution, abundance, relationships and taxonomy, not to mention ecology and population biology, of native trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental remains inadequate. Vast areas of most mainland drainages are still unexplored by fish collectors, and even rudimentary information regarding basic biology, ecology and population structure of stocks remains lacking. Concentrated exploration, research and management of this long overlooked and undervalued resource are all urgently needed. The history of natural resources exploitation that placed so many native trouts of the western United States on threatened and endangered species lists is repeating itself in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Without concerted action and development of region-wide socio-economic solutions for current, largely non-sustainable resource management practices, native Mexican trout gene pools will soon be in grave danger of extinction.

}, keywords = {Baja California, Chihuahua, Conchos, Durango, genetic introgression, Onchorchynchus mykiss, Onchorynchus, rainbow trout, Rio Grande, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sinaloa, Sonora, Truchas Mexicanas}, author = {Hendrickson, Dean A. and Espinosa-P{\'e}rez, H. and Findley, L.T. and Forbes, W. and Tomelleri, J.R. and Mayden, R.L. and Nielsen, J.L. and Jensen, B. and Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio and Varela-Romero, A. and Van Der Heiden, A.M. and Camarena, F. and Garc{\'\i}a de Le{\'o}n, Francisco J.} }